Detection of Infection with Larval Stages of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum using PCR in Field-Collected Snails of Lymnaea gedrosiana from Northwestern Iran
,
Abstract
Background: Infection with Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum has been reported in a wide range of animals worldwide. This study was undertaken to assess the util-ity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for detecting the infection with O. turke-stanicum larvae stages in Lymnaea gedrosiana.
Methods: A total of 6,759 Lymnaeidae snails were collected from six aquatic habitats in West Azarbaijan, northwest Iran. Of these, the snails of L. gedrosiana were identified. To detect infected L. gedrosiana with the larval stages of O. turke-stanicum, they were subjected for cercarial shedding and molecular examinations. The genomic DNA was extracted and PCR was performed to specifically ampli-fy a fragment of the nuclear 28SrRNA gene of O. turkestanicum.
Results: Of all collected snails, 5.4% (365/6,759) were the snails of L. gedrosiana. The cercarial shedding method revealed that 23.56% (86/365) of the snails were infected. The PCR patterns confirmed that 28.77% (105/365) snails of L. gedrosiana were infected with larval stages of O. turkestanicum. The infected snails were observed in five studied sites. The highest infection rate (66.66%, 20/30) was recorded in the snails of Ghargologh in the northern part. Only 35.24% (37/105) of the infected snails were from the plain areas, whereas the remaining existed in high altitudes.
Conclusion: It was concluded PCR method could be an efficient and fast method for uncovering the actual rate of infection with larval stages of O. turke-stanicum in the snails of L. gedrosiana. This method can be also useful for the do-mestic animals and public health management programs in the country.
Malek, EA. Snail-Transmitted Parasitic Diseases. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL. 1980. pp.179–307.
McGavin MD, Carlton WW, Zachary IF. Thom-sons special veterinary pathology. 3rd ed. Mosby, U.S.A. 2001.
Dutt SC, Srivastava HD. A revision of the genus Ornithobilharzia Odhner, 1912 (Trematoda: Schis-tosomatidae). In: Proceedings of the Indian Sci-ence Congress. 1955. p. 283.
Yamaguti S. A synoptical review of the histories of digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. Keigaku Publishing Co., Kyoto. 1975. pp. 384.
Witenberg G, Lengy J. A case of natural infection of field rats with Ornithobilharzia turkestanica. Refuah Veterinarith. 1966; 23:67–74.
Guralp N, Tinar R. The first case report on the occurrence of Orientobilharzia turkestanicum (Skrjabin, 1913) in sheep in Turkey. Firat Univer-sitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 1982; 7:285–96.
Kumar F, De Burbure G. Schistosomes of ani-mals and man in Asia. Helminthology. 1986 ; 55:469–80.
Massoud J. The pathology of Ornithobilharzia tur-kestanicum and Schistosoma bovis in cattle, sheep and goats in Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1971; 65: 431.
Ezzi A, Karimi GH, Gholami MR. Experimental Pathology of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum in Sheep. Arch Razi Ins. 2004; 57:127-32.
Morton B. The population dynamics and expres-sion sexuality in Balcis schaplandi and Mocronalia ful-vescens (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Aglosa) parasitic upon Archaster typicus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Malacologia. 1979; 18:327–46.
Hurtrez-Bousses S, Meunier C, Durand P, Re-naud F. Dynamics of host parasite interactions: the example of population biology of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). Microb Infect. 2001; 3: 841-49.
Lotfy WM, Brant SV, De Jong RJ, Le TH, Demiaszkiewicz A, Rajapakse RPVJ, Perera VBVP, Laursen JR, Loker ES. Evolutionary ori-gins, diversification, and biogeography of liver flukes (Digenea, Fasciolidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 79(2): 248–55.
Mera Y, Sierra RMY, Artigas P, Cuervo P, Deis E, Sidoti L, Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD. Fascioliasis transmission by Lymnaea neotropica confirmed by nuclear rDNA and mtDNA sequencing in Ar-gentina. Vet Parasitol. 2009; 166: 73–9.
Imani-Baran A, Yakhchali M, Malekzadeh-Viayeh R. A study on geographical distribution and diversity of Lymnaeidae snails in West Azer-baijan Province, Iran. Veterinary Journal, Pa-jouhesh and Sazandegi. 2011; 82(4):53-63. (In Persian)
Al-Barrak NS, Wajdi N, Fadhil S. Observations on schistosomes parasitic in cattle in Iraq. Iraqi J Biol Sci. 1977; 5:69–81.
Skrjabin KI.Trematods of Animals and Man. Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, 1951. pp. 320–30.
Zakhryalov YaN. The character and components of a natural focus of Orientobilharzia turkestanicum in the Far-East. Voprosy Prirodnoj Ochagovosti Boleznei. 1978; 9:76–81.
Ghadirian E, Hoghooghi N. The presence of snails of veterinary importance in Isfahan, Iran. Br Vet J. 1973; 129:1–3.
Kumar V. Studies on snail hosts of Ornithobilhar-zia turkestanicum (Skrjabin, 1913) Dutt and Sri-vastava, 1955 (Schistosomatidae: Trematoda) in India. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1973; 53:17–23.
Massoud J. Observations on Lymnaea gedrosiana, the intermediate host of Ornithobilharzia turkestani-cum in Khuzestan, Iran. J Helminthol. 1974; 48:133–38.
Mansoorian AB. A practical guidline for identifi-cation of Iranian freshwater snails. Iranian J Publ Health. 1986; 15(1-2): 41-53.
Imani-Baran A, Yakhchali M, Malekzadeh-Viayeh R, Paktarmani R. Molecular study for de-tecting the prevalence of Fasciola gigantica in field-collected snails of Radix gedrosiana (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae) in northwestern Iran. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 89:374– 77.
Hamburger J, Hoffman O, Kariuki HC, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Koech DK, Sturrock RF, King CH. Large-scale, polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance of Schistosoma haematobium DNA in snails from transmission sites in coastal Kenya: a new tool for studying the dynamics of snail infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 71:765–73.
Motamedi GhR, Ghorashi SA, Paykari H, Dalimi AH, Salehi Tabar R, Motamedi N, Karimi GhR Detection of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum cercaria (trematoda) by nested-PCR in intermediate host snail, Lymnaea gedrosiana. Arch Razi Inst. 2008; 63(2):35–40.
Farahnak A, Essalat MA. A study on cercarial dermatitis in Khoozestan Province, Southwestern Iran. BMC Public Health. 2003; 3: 35-8.
Dawood M. Dezful bilharziasis pilot project. 3rd quarterly report. 1963.
Maleki M, Khodokaram A, Oryan A, Aslani M, Housseinzadeh SA, Sadjjadi SM. Pathological findings in ornithobilharziasis in the herds of sheep and goat of Assyrians in Fars Province, Iran. Res Reconstruct. 1994; 24:143.
Arfaa F, Sabbaghian H, Ale-Dawood H. Studies on Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (Skrjabin, 1913). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1994; 40:45–50. 29. Massoud J. Studies on the schistosomes of do-mestic animals in Iran: Observations on Orni-thobilharzia turkestanicum (Skrjabin, 1913) in Khuzestan. J Helminthol. 1973; 47(2):165-80.
Eslami A, Rad MN, Salehi MR, Faizg A. Trema-tode infection of the liver of ruminants in Tehran Abattoir. Journal of Tehran Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. 1976; 32 (1-4): 21-7. 31. Eslami A, Sarafrazi M, Hassani TA. Current sta-tus of ovine Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum infection in Juybar, Mazandaran. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 1998; 35:106-7.
Athari A., Gohar-Dehi SH, Rostami M, Jalilian MD. Determination of definitive and intermedi-ate hosts of cercarial dematitis-producing agents in Northern Iran. Arc Iranian Med. 2006; 9:11-5.
Sahba GH, Malek EA. Dermatitis caused by cer-cariae of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum in the Caspi-an Sea area of Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1979; 28(5):912–3.
Kaplan RM, Dame JB, Reddy GR, Courtney CH. The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in its snail in-termediate host determined by DNA probe assay. Int J Parasitol. 1997; 27: 1585–93.
Caron Y, Rondelaud D, Losson B. The detection and quantification of a digenean infection in the snail host with special emphasis on Fasciola sp. Parasitol Res. 2008; 103:735–44.
Pfleger V. A field guide in colour to molluscs. Aventinum Nakladatelstyi, S.T.O., Polygrafia, Prague, Czech Republic. 1999. pp.28-9.
Sambrook J, Russell DW. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 3rd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, USA. 2002.
Majoros G, Dan A, Erdely K. A natural focus of the blood fluke Ornithobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Hungary. Vet Parasitol. 170; 218–23.
Moghaddam AS, Massoud J, Mahmoodi M, Mahvi AH, Periago MV, Artigas P, Fuentes MV, Bargues MD, Mas-Coma S. Human and animal Fascioliasis in Mazandaran province northern Iran. Parasitol Res. 2004; 94(1):61-9.
Eslami A. Veterinary helminthology: Trematoda. 3rd ed. Tehran University Publisher, Tehran, Iran. 2006; pp. 165-70.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 4 (2013) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| 28SrRNA gene Iran Lymnaea gedrosiana Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum PCR | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
