Properties of Compounds Citral and Geraniol on Trichomonas gallinae: Activity in Vitro and Cytotoxicity
-
Bruna Baccega
,
Juliana Monteli Fenalti
,
Alexia Brauner de Mello
,
Yan Wahast Islabão
,
Paloma Taborda Birmann
,
Alessandra Neis
,
Marjorie de Giacomti
,
Francielle Liz Monteiro
,
Silvia de Oliveira Hubner
,
Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher
,
Nara Amélia da Rosa Farias
,
Roghayeh Norouzi
,
Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
,
Camila Belmonte Oliveira
Abstract
Background: Avian trichomoniasis is an important disease that causes bird mortality, both wild and captive, around the world. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antiparasitic activity of citral (3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadienal) and geraniol (trans-3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadien-1-ol) against Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites.
Methods: In vitro assays were conducted at the Laboratory of Protozoology and Entomology (LAPEN) at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil in 2019 using tests with 106 parasites and citral and geraniol at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM and four controls: NC (culture medium and trophozoites), MTZ (trophozoites plus 100 μM of metronidazole), and TW (trophozoites plus vehicles used for solubilizing derivatives (0.01% Tween).
Results: The citral (60 μM) and geraniol (50 μM) concentrations reduced the trophozoitesʼs viability by 100%. The molecular docking experiment demonstrated that citral and geraniol might inhibit a hydrogen enzyme for T. gallinae survival.
Conclusion: The major compounds of lemongrass have potential antitrichomonal activity against T. gallinae in vitro.
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2. Amin A, Bilic I, Liebhart D, et al. Trichomonads in birds–a review. Parasitology. 2014;141(6):733-47.
3. Nematollahi A, Ebrahimi M, Ahmadi A, et al. Prevalence of Haemoproteus columbae and Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons (Columba domestica) in Isfahan, Iran. J Parasit Dis. 2012; 36:141-2.
4. Girard YA, Rogers KH, Gerhold R, et al. Trichomonas stableri n. sp., an agent of trichomonosis in Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monilis). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2014; 3: 32–40.
5. Bunbury N, Stidworthy MF, Greenwood AG, et al. Causes of mortality in free-living Mauritian pink pigeons Columba mayeri, 2002–2006. Endanger Species Res. 2008;9(3):213-20.
6. Robinson RA, Lawson B, Toms MP, et al. Emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common British birds. PLoS One. 2010;5(8): e12215.
7. Marx M, Reiner G, Willems H, et al. High prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in wild columbids across western and southern Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:242.
8. Satthanakul P, Taweechaisupapong S, Paphangkorakit J, et al. Antimicrobial effect of lemongrass oil against oral malodour micro‐organisms and the pilot study of safety and efficacy of lemongrass mouthrinse on oral malodour. J Appl Microbiol. 2015;118(1):11-7.
9. Giteru SG, Coorey R, Bertolatti D, et al. Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of citral and quercetin incorporated kafirin-based bioactive films. Food Chem. 2015;168:341-7.
10. Gao S, Liu G, Li J, et al. Antimicrobial activity of lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and its active component citral against dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:603858.
11. Plata-Rueda A, Rolim GD, Wilcken CF, et al. Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of lemongrass essential oil and their components against the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius. Insects. 2020;11(6):379.
12. Tajidin NE, Ahmad SH, Rosenani AB, et al. Chemical composition and citral content in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil at three maturity stages. Afr J Biotechnol. 2012; 11(11): 2685-93.
13. Pengelly A. The constituents of medicinal plants: an introduction to the chemistry and therapeutics of herbal medicine. Oxon, United Kingdom: CABI Publishing. 2004.
14. Liu W, Xu X, Zhang R, et al. Engineering Escherichia coli for high-yield geraniol production with biotransformation of geranyl acetate to geraniol under fed-batch culture. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2016; 9:58.
15. Herro E, Jacob SE. Majantol. Dermatitis. 2011;22(2):112-3.
16. Ibrahim AN. Comparison of in vitro activity of metronidazole and garlic-based product (Tomex®) on Trichomonas vaginalis. Parasitol Res. 2013;112(5): 2063-7.
17. Wang W, Liu, J. Efficient extraction, antioxidant activities and anti-inflammation of polysaccharides from Notopterygium franchetii Boiss. Carbohydr Polym. 2020; 248: 116783.
18. Leite NS, Lima AP, Araújo-Neto V, et al. Avaliação das atividades cicatrizante, anti-inflamatória tópica e antioxidante do extrato etanólico da Sideroxylon obtusifolium (quixabeira). Rev Bras Plantas Med. 2015;17:164-70.
19. Sansano-Maestre J, Garijo-Toledo MM, Gómez-Muñoz MT. Prevalence and genotyping of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons and birds of prey. Avian Pathol. 2009; 38: 201-7.
20. Seddiek SA, Khater HF, El-Sorbagy MM, et al. The antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons. Parasitol Res. 2014;113: 1319-1329.
21. Sena-Lopes Â, das Neves RN, Bezerra FS, et al. Antiparasitic activity of 1, 3-dioxolanes containing tellurium in Trichomonas vaginalis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;89:284-7.
22. Aydin L, Coşkun S. Efficacy of carnidazole (Spatrix®) and metronidazole (Flagyl®) against Trichomonas gallinae in naturally infected pigeons. Acta Parasitol Turcica. 2000; 24: 65-66.
23. El-Sayed NM, Myler PJ, Blandin G. Comparative genomics of trypanosomatid parasitic protozoa. Science. 2005; 309: 404-409.
24. Franssen FFJ, Lumeij JT. In vitro nitroimidazole resistance of Trichomonas gallinae and successful therapy with an increased dosage of ronidazole in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica). J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1992; 15: 409–415.
25. Forrester DJ, Foster GW. Trichomonosis. In: Atkinson, C.T., Thomas, N.J., Hunter, D.B. (Eds.), Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. 2009;120-153.
26. Youssefi MR, Tabari, MA, Moghadamnia A.A. In vitro and in vivo activity of Artemisia sieberi against Trichomonas gallinae. Iran J Vet Res. 2017; 18: 25-29.
27. Tabari MA, Youssefi MR Moghadamnia AA. Antitrichomonal activity of Peganum harmala alkaloid extract against trichomoniasis in pigeon (Columba livia domestica). Br Poult Sci. 2017; 58(3):236-241.
28. Baccega, B; Islabão, YW; De Mello, et al. In vitro and in vivo activity of the essential oil and nanoemulsion of Cymbopogon flexuosus against Trichomonas gallinae. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2021;11: 32–34.
29. Gutiérrez-Pacheco MM, Torres-Moreno H, Flores-Lopez ML, Velázquez Guadarrama N, Ayala-Zavala JF, Ortega-Ramírez LA, López-Romero JC. Mechanisms and Applications of Citral's Antimicrobial Properties in Food Preservation and Pharmaceuticals Formulations. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023; 12: 1608.
30. Onawunmi GO, Yisak W, Ogunlana EO. Antibacterial constituents in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. J Ethnopharmacol. 1984;12: 279-286.
31. Park IK, Choi KS, Kim DH, et al. Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), anise (Pinpinella anisum) and garlic (Allium sativum) oils against Lycoriella ingenue (Diptera: Sciaridae). Pest Manag Sci. 2006; 62: 723-728.
32. Mesa-Arango A, Montiel-Ramos J, Zapata B, et al. Citral and carvone chemotypes from the essential oils of Colombian Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown: composition, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009; 104(6):878-84.
33. Zhou H, Tao N, Jia, L. Antifungal activity of citral, octanal and
2. Amin A, Bilic I, Liebhart D, et al. Trichomonads in birds–a review. Parasitology. 2014;141(6):733-47.
3. Nematollahi A, Ebrahimi M, Ahmadi A, et al. Prevalence of Haemoproteus columbae and Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons (Columba domestica) in Isfahan, Iran. J Parasit Dis. 2012; 36:141-2.
4. Girard YA, Rogers KH, Gerhold R, et al. Trichomonas stableri n. sp., an agent of trichomonosis in Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monilis). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2014; 3: 32–40.
5. Bunbury N, Stidworthy MF, Greenwood AG, et al. Causes of mortality in free-living Mauritian pink pigeons Columba mayeri, 2002–2006. Endanger Species Res. 2008;9(3):213-20.
6. Robinson RA, Lawson B, Toms MP, et al. Emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common British birds. PLoS One. 2010;5(8): e12215.
7. Marx M, Reiner G, Willems H, et al. High prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in wild columbids across western and southern Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:242.
8. Satthanakul P, Taweechaisupapong S, Paphangkorakit J, et al. Antimicrobial effect of lemongrass oil against oral malodour micro‐organisms and the pilot study of safety and efficacy of lemongrass mouthrinse on oral malodour. J Appl Microbiol. 2015;118(1):11-7.
9. Giteru SG, Coorey R, Bertolatti D, et al. Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of citral and quercetin incorporated kafirin-based bioactive films. Food Chem. 2015;168:341-7.
10. Gao S, Liu G, Li J, et al. Antimicrobial activity of lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and its active component citral against dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:603858.
11. Plata-Rueda A, Rolim GD, Wilcken CF, et al. Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of lemongrass essential oil and their components against the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius. Insects. 2020;11(6):379.
12. Tajidin NE, Ahmad SH, Rosenani AB, et al. Chemical composition and citral content in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil at three maturity stages. Afr J Biotechnol. 2012; 11(11): 2685-93.
13. Pengelly A. The constituents of medicinal plants: an introduction to the chemistry and therapeutics of herbal medicine. Oxon, United Kingdom: CABI Publishing. 2004.
14. Liu W, Xu X, Zhang R, et al. Engineering Escherichia coli for high-yield geraniol production with biotransformation of geranyl acetate to geraniol under fed-batch culture. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2016; 9:58.
15. Herro E, Jacob SE. Majantol. Dermatitis. 2011;22(2):112-3.
16. Ibrahim AN. Comparison of in vitro activity of metronidazole and garlic-based product (Tomex®) on Trichomonas vaginalis. Parasitol Res. 2013;112(5): 2063-7.
17. Wang W, Liu, J. Efficient extraction, antioxidant activities and anti-inflammation of polysaccharides from Notopterygium franchetii Boiss. Carbohydr Polym. 2020; 248: 116783.
18. Leite NS, Lima AP, Araújo-Neto V, et al. Avaliação das atividades cicatrizante, anti-inflamatória tópica e antioxidante do extrato etanólico da Sideroxylon obtusifolium (quixabeira). Rev Bras Plantas Med. 2015;17:164-70.
19. Sansano-Maestre J, Garijo-Toledo MM, Gómez-Muñoz MT. Prevalence and genotyping of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons and birds of prey. Avian Pathol. 2009; 38: 201-7.
20. Seddiek SA, Khater HF, El-Sorbagy MM, et al. The antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons. Parasitol Res. 2014;113: 1319-1329.
21. Sena-Lopes Â, das Neves RN, Bezerra FS, et al. Antiparasitic activity of 1, 3-dioxolanes containing tellurium in Trichomonas vaginalis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;89:284-7.
22. Aydin L, Coşkun S. Efficacy of carnidazole (Spatrix®) and metronidazole (Flagyl®) against Trichomonas gallinae in naturally infected pigeons. Acta Parasitol Turcica. 2000; 24: 65-66.
23. El-Sayed NM, Myler PJ, Blandin G. Comparative genomics of trypanosomatid parasitic protozoa. Science. 2005; 309: 404-409.
24. Franssen FFJ, Lumeij JT. In vitro nitroimidazole resistance of Trichomonas gallinae and successful therapy with an increased dosage of ronidazole in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica). J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1992; 15: 409–415.
25. Forrester DJ, Foster GW. Trichomonosis. In: Atkinson, C.T., Thomas, N.J., Hunter, D.B. (Eds.), Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. 2009;120-153.
26. Youssefi MR, Tabari, MA, Moghadamnia A.A. In vitro and in vivo activity of Artemisia sieberi against Trichomonas gallinae. Iran J Vet Res. 2017; 18: 25-29.
27. Tabari MA, Youssefi MR Moghadamnia AA. Antitrichomonal activity of Peganum harmala alkaloid extract against trichomoniasis in pigeon (Columba livia domestica). Br Poult Sci. 2017; 58(3):236-241.
28. Baccega, B; Islabão, YW; De Mello, et al. In vitro and in vivo activity of the essential oil and nanoemulsion of Cymbopogon flexuosus against Trichomonas gallinae. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2021;11: 32–34.
29. Gutiérrez-Pacheco MM, Torres-Moreno H, Flores-Lopez ML, Velázquez Guadarrama N, Ayala-Zavala JF, Ortega-Ramírez LA, López-Romero JC. Mechanisms and Applications of Citral's Antimicrobial Properties in Food Preservation and Pharmaceuticals Formulations. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023; 12: 1608.
30. Onawunmi GO, Yisak W, Ogunlana EO. Antibacterial constituents in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. J Ethnopharmacol. 1984;12: 279-286.
31. Park IK, Choi KS, Kim DH, et al. Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), anise (Pinpinella anisum) and garlic (Allium sativum) oils against Lycoriella ingenue (Diptera: Sciaridae). Pest Manag Sci. 2006; 62: 723-728.
32. Mesa-Arango A, Montiel-Ramos J, Zapata B, et al. Citral and carvone chemotypes from the essential oils of Colombian Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown: composition, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009; 104(6):878-84.
33. Zhou H, Tao N, Jia, L. Antifungal activity of citral, octanal and
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 19 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17164 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Trichomonas gallinae Citral Geraniol Cytotoxicity Molecular docking | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Baccega B, Monteli Fenalti J, Brauner de Mello A, Wahast Islabão Y, Taborda Birmann P, Neis A, de Giacomti M, Liz Monteiro F, de Oliveira Hubner S, de Almeida Vaucher R, Amélia da Rosa Farias N, Norouzi R, Siyadatpanah A, Belmonte Oliveira C. Properties of Compounds Citral and Geraniol on Trichomonas gallinae: Activity in Vitro and Cytotoxicity. Iran J Parasitol. 2024;19(4):440-447.
