Molecular Characterization of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Detected in Humans in Ağrı, Türkiye
-
Selahattin Aydemir
,
Fethi Barlık
,
Abdurrahman Ekici
,
Dilara Hande Barlık
,
Sevil Alkan
,
Esra Gürbüz
,
Hasan Yilmaz
Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in patients who admitted hospital with diarrhea and to gain information about the transmission of these parasites in Ağrı, Türkiye.
Methods: This study included 184 patients who applied to Ağrı-Diyadin State Hospital, Türkiye in 2022. The immunochromatographic card test was used for detection of the G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Nested PCR-RFLP analysis of the COWP gene and sequence analysis of the gp60 gene were used to genotype and subtype Cryptosporidium spp., whereas Nested PCR and sequence analyses of β-giardin gene were used genotype G. intestinalis.
Results: Of the 184 stool specimens examined, 12 (14.29%) and 7 (3.80%) were positive for G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively. The Cryptosporidium species were identified as C. parvum belonging to the IId subtype family. The G. intestinalis were identified assemblages A.
Conclusion: Assemblage A, which is associated with diarrhea, is responsible for giardiasis and C. parvum IId subtype, often found in sheep, goats and cattle, is responsible for cryptosporidiosis in Ağrı, Türkiye.
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14. Karakuş İ, Ekici A. Evaluation of intestinal parasites and some clinical symptoms in children with diarrhea. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2022;46(1):39-44.
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18. Cicek C, Sakru N. Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis isolates in the Thrace Region, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2015;49(4):576-85.
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20. Sarzhanov F, Koster PC, Dogruman-Al F, et al. Detection of enteric parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in patients admitted to hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Parasitology. 2021;148(5):550-61.
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24. Haque R, Roy S, Kabir M, Stroup SE, Mondal D, Houpt ER. Giardia assemblage A infection and diarrhea in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(12):2171-3.
25. Laishram S, Kang G, Ajjampur SSR. Giardiasis: A review on assemblage distribution and epidemiology in India. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2012;31(1):3-12.
26. Ryan U, Zahedi A, Paparini A. Cryptosporidium in humans and animals-a one health approach to prophylaxis. Parasite Immunol. 2016;38(9):535-47.
27. Usluca S, Aksoy U. Detection and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in diarrheic stools by PCR/RFLP analyses. Turk J Med Sci. 2011;41(6):1029-36.
28. Yilmazer N, Kucuk SK, Akyildiz G, Gargili A, Kar S. Cryptosporidiosis in humans with reference to the first case of Cryptosporidium hominis Infection in Turkey. Med Bull Haseki. 2017;55(3):194-198.
29. Ryan U, Zahedi A, Feng YY, Xiao LH. An update on zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in humans. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(11):3307.
30. Feng YY, Li N, Roellig DM, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of the IId subtype family of Cryptosporidium parvum. Int J Parasitol. 2017;47(5):281-290.
31. Yang X, Guo Y, Xiao L, Feng Y. Molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in low-and middle-income countries. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021;34(2): e00087-19.
2. Plutzer J, Lassen B, Jokelainen P, et al. Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(4):16-00825.
3. Zahedi A, Monis P, Deere D, Ryan U. Wastewater-based epidemiology-surveill-ance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Parasitol Res. 2021;120(12):4167-88.
4. Garcia RJ, Pita AB, Velathanthiri N, French NP, Hayman DTS. Species and genotypes causing human cryptosporidiosis in New Zealand. Parasitol Res. 2020;119(7):2317-2326.
5. Naguib D, El-Gohary AH, Roellig D, et al. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in children in Egypt. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11(1):403.
6. Demirci M, Yiğin A, Demir C, Acel DP. Determination of Giardia intestinalis Genotypes in Stool Specimens by Real-Time PCR Method. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2018;48(3):187-91.
7. Thompson RCA, Ash A. Molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections - What's new? Infect Genet Evol. 2019;75: 103951.
8. Ekici A, Unlu A, Aydemir S, Barlik F, Yilmaz H. Subtyping of Cryptosporidium parvum Obtained from Humans and Calves in Van, Turkey. Iran J Parasitol. 2022;17(3):366-374.
9. Ayan A, Ural DA, Erdogan H, Kilinc OO, Gultekin M, Ural K. Prevalance and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in livestock in Van, Turkey. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science. 2019;9(2):289-96.
10. Sadek GS. Use of nested PCR-RFLP for genotyping of Cryptosporidium parasites isolated from calves and children suffering from diarrhea. Parasitologists United Journal. 2014;7(2):129.
11. Arslan MO, Ekinci AI. Determination of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in cattle in Kars province of Turkey. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 2012; 20(2):329-329.
12. Taş Cengiz Z, Yılmaz H, Beyhan Y, Çiçek M. A comprehensive retrospective study: intestinal parasites in human in Van Province. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43(2):70-73.
13. Akış FB, Beyhan YE. Distribution of intestinal parasites in patients hospitalized in child intensive care unit. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2018;42(2):113-117.
14. Karakuş İ, Ekici A. Evaluation of intestinal parasites and some clinical symptoms in children with diarrhea. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2022;46(1):39-44.
15. Çelebi D, Çelebi Ö. In Pediatric gastroenteritis: the Presence of Helicobacter pylori prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Dicle Med J. 2021;48(3):425-30.
16. Arslan MO, Sari B, Kulu B, Mor N. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in children brought to the Kars Maternal and Children's Hospital with complaints of gastrointestinal symptoms. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2008;32(3):253-6.
17. Ertug S, Ertabaklar H, Caliskan SO, Malatyali E, Bozdogan B. Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis strains isolated from humans in Aydın, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2016;50(1):152-8.
18. Cicek C, Sakru N. Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis isolates in the Thrace Region, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2015;49(4):576-85.
19. Tamer GS, Kasap M, Er DK. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from turkish children. Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:526-32.
20. Sarzhanov F, Koster PC, Dogruman-Al F, et al. Detection of enteric parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in patients admitted to hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Parasitology. 2021;148(5):550-61.
21. Degerli S, Degerli N, Celiksoz A, Ozcelik S. Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis isolated from people living in Sivas, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;42:1268-72.
22. Balcioglu C, Kurt O, Sevil N, et al. Genotyping of Giardia lamblia in a cohort of turkish patients: A Search for a relationship between symptoms and genotypes. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 2012;18:A125-A31.
23. Aydin AF, Besirbellioglu BA, Avci IY, Tanyuksel M, Araz E, Pahsa A. Classification of Giardia duodenalis parasites in Turkey into Groups A and B using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004;50(2):147-51.
24. Haque R, Roy S, Kabir M, Stroup SE, Mondal D, Houpt ER. Giardia assemblage A infection and diarrhea in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(12):2171-3.
25. Laishram S, Kang G, Ajjampur SSR. Giardiasis: A review on assemblage distribution and epidemiology in India. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2012;31(1):3-12.
26. Ryan U, Zahedi A, Paparini A. Cryptosporidium in humans and animals-a one health approach to prophylaxis. Parasite Immunol. 2016;38(9):535-47.
27. Usluca S, Aksoy U. Detection and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in diarrheic stools by PCR/RFLP analyses. Turk J Med Sci. 2011;41(6):1029-36.
28. Yilmazer N, Kucuk SK, Akyildiz G, Gargili A, Kar S. Cryptosporidiosis in humans with reference to the first case of Cryptosporidium hominis Infection in Turkey. Med Bull Haseki. 2017;55(3):194-198.
29. Ryan U, Zahedi A, Feng YY, Xiao LH. An update on zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in humans. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(11):3307.
30. Feng YY, Li N, Roellig DM, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of the IId subtype family of Cryptosporidium parvum. Int J Parasitol. 2017;47(5):281-290.
31. Yang X, Guo Y, Xiao L, Feng Y. Molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in low-and middle-income countries. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021;34(2): e00087-19.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 19 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15188 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cryptosporidium spp. Epidemiology Genotype Giardia intestinalis Subtypes Turkey | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Aydemir S, Barlık F, Ekici A, Barlık DH, Alkan S, Gürbüz E, Yilmaz H. Molecular Characterization of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Detected in Humans in Ağrı, Türkiye. Iran J Parasitol. 2024;19(1):9-17.
