Seroprevalence of Human Hydatidosis in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran
-
Zahra Heidari
,
Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
,
Zahra Alizadeh
,
Soheila Molaei
,
Hadi Peeri Dogaheh
,
Hafez Mirzanejad-Asl
Abstract
Background: Cystic Echinococcosis is considered a cosmopolitan cyclozoonotic parasitic infection. This study aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using ELISA test and find the role of mutable factors such as age, sex, occupation, residency in the broadcast of the parasites in rural Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran.
Methods: The study population was 950 asymptomatic individuals selected randomly from urban and rural populations of Ardabil province, North-West of Iran by randomized cluster sampling in 2019-2020. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus spp. were analyzed by ELISA test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Multivariable logistic regression model.
Results: Overall, 42 (4.4%) of the participants had anti E. granulosus antibodies in this region. High titer antibodies were most prevalent in people age group of >70 yr old, rural areas, females and people having history of contact with dog that showed significant difference. There was no significant association between the presence of Echinococcus antibodies and sex, occupation, having history of eating unwashed vegetable.
Conclusion: This is the first description of the seroprevalence of E. granulosus infection in the population in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran. Obtained rate of hydatidosis approves the importance of diagnosing human cystic echinococcosis in these regions and it is expected that the authorities be careful to screen the disease.
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2. Alizadeh Z, Mahami-Oskouei M, Spotin A, et al. Parasite-derived microRNAs in plasma as novel promising biomarkers for the early detection of hydatid cyst infection and post-surgery follow-up. Acta Trop. 2020; 202: 105255.
3. Budke CM, Deplazes P, Torgerson PR. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006; 12(2): 296-303.
4. Harandi MF, Budke CM, Rostami S. The monetary burden of cystic echinococcosis in Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(11): e1915.
5. Sadjjadi SM (2006). Present situation of echinococcosis in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa. Parasitol Int. 2006; 55: S197-202.
6. Parsa F, Fasihi Harandi M, Rostami S, et al. Genotyping Echinococcus granulosus from dogs from Western Iran. Exp Parasitol. 2012; 132(2): 308-12.
7. Shariatzadeh SA, Spotin A, Gholami S, et al. The first morphometric and phylogenetic perspective on molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in stray dogs in a hyperendemic Middle East focus, northwestern Iran. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8: 409.
8. Gholami S, Jahandar H, Abastabar M, et al. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Dogs and Jackals from Caspian Sea region, northern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2016; 11(2): 186-194.
9. Ghabdian S, Borji H, Naghibi A. Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus strain in stray dogs from Northeastern Iran. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports. 2017; 9: 6-8.
10. Heidari Z, Sharbatkhori M, Mobedi I, et al. Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in canines in North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, identified using morphology and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA. Parasites Vectors. 2019; 12(1): 606.
11. Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Jex AR, et al. Genetic categorization of Echinococcus granulosus from humans and herbivorous hosts in Iran using an integrated mutation scanning-phylogenetic approach. Electrophoresis. 2009; 30(15): 2648-55.
12. Kia EB, Rahimi H, Sharbatkhori M, et al. Genotype identification of human cystic echinococcosis in Isfahan, central Iran. Parasitol Res. 2010, 107(3): 757-60.
13. Rostami S, Shariat Torbaghan S, Dabiri S, et al. Genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from a large number of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of human isolates in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015; 92(3): 588-594.
14. Sharbatkhori M, Tanzifi A, Rostami S, et al. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in domestic livestock and humans in Golestan province, Iran. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2016; 58: 38.
15. Zhang W, Wen H, Li J, et al. Immunology and immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: an update. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012; 2012.
16. Moro P, Schantz PM. Echinococcosis: a review. Int J Infect Dis. 2009; 13(2): 125-33.
17. Deplazes P, Rinaldi L, Rojas CA, et al. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Adv Parasitol. 2017; 315-493.
18. Galeh TM, Spotin A, Mahami-Oskouei M, et al. The seroprevalence rate and population genetic structure of human cystic echinococcosis in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Surgery. 2018; 51: 39-48.
19. Khalkhali H, Foroutan M, Khademvatan S, et al. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Helminthol. 2018; 92(3): 260-268.
20. Mahmoudi S, Mamishi S, Banar M, et al. Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19(1): 1-19.
21. Shahriarirad R, Erfani A, Eskandarisani M, et al. Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of hospitalized cases. Trop Med Health. 2020; 48: 49.
22. Pezeshki A, Akhlaghi L, Sharbatkhori M, et al. Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic animals and humans from Ardabil Province, northwest Iran. J Helminthol. 2013; 87(4): 387-91.
23. Hanilou A, Badali H, Esmaeilzadeh A. Seroepidemiological study of hydatidosis in Zanjan (Islam-Abad 2002). Journal Of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research. 2004; 41-46.
24. Rafiei A, Hemadi A, Maraghi S, et al. Seroepidemiology of cystic echinococcosis in referred patients to health centers in Golestan province using ELISA and IFA. East Mediterr Health J. 2007; 13(1): 41-8.
25. Heidari Z, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, et al. Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis in Meshkinshahr district, Ardabil province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2011; 6(3): 19-25.
26. Rakhshanpour A, Harandi MF, Moazezi S, et al. Seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using ELISA method in Qom province, central Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2012; 7(3): 10-15.
27. Asghari M, Mohebali M, Kia EB, et al. Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis using AgB-ELISA test in Arak, central Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2013; 42(4): 391-6.
28. Ilbeigi P, Mohebali M, Kia EB, et al. Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis using AgB-ELISA test in Isfahan city and suburb Areas, Isfahan Province, central Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2015; 44(9): 1219-24.
29. Dabaghzadeh H, Bairami A, Kia EB, et al. Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in Alborz Province, central Iran in 2015. Iran J Public Health. 2018; 47(4): 561-566.
30. Garedaghi Y, Bahavarnia S. Seroepidemiolog-ical study of hydatid cyst by ELISAmethod in East-Azarbaijan Province. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2015; 18(2): 181-72.
31. Arbabi M, Masoud J, Dalimi Asl A, et al. Seroepidemiologic prevalence of Hydatid cyst in Hamadan 1991. Feyz. 1998; 2(2): 43-50.
32. Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004; 17(1): 107-35.
33. Eslami A, Hosseini SH. Echinococcus granulosus infection of farm dogs of Iran. Parasitol Res. 1998; 84(3): 205-7.
34. Fathi S, Ghasemikhah R, Mohammadi R, et al. Seroprevalence of hydatidosis in people referring to Reference laboratory of Gorgan, Golestan Province, northern Iran 2017. Iran J Parasitol. 2019; 14(3): 436-443.
35. Rokni M. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2009; 1-16.
36. Pezeshki A, Kia E, Gholizadeh A, et al. An analysis of hydatid cyst surgeries in Tehran Milad Hospital, Iran, during 2001-2004. Pak J Med Sci January. 2007; 23(1): 138-140.
37. Parkoohi PI, Jahani M, Hosseinzadeh F, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of hydatid cyst in Northern Iran from 2005 to 2015. Iran J Parasitol. 2018; 13(2): 310-316.
38. Mehrabani NG, Kousha A, Khalili M, et al. Hydatid cyst surgeries in patients referred to hospitals in East Azerbaijan province during 2009-2011.Iran J Parasitol. 2014; 9(2): 233-238.
39. Hezarjaribi HZ, Fakhar M, Esboei BR, et al. Serological evidence of human cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among general population in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2017; 18: 1-5.
40. Rafiei A, Hemadi A, Maraghi S, et al. Human cystic echinococcosis in nomads of south-west Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2007; 13(1), 41-48.
41. Saberi-Firouzi M, Kaffashian F, Hayati E, et al. Prevalence of hydatidosis in nomadic tribes of southern Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 1998; 12(2): 113-118.
2. Alizadeh Z, Mahami-Oskouei M, Spotin A, et al. Parasite-derived microRNAs in plasma as novel promising biomarkers for the early detection of hydatid cyst infection and post-surgery follow-up. Acta Trop. 2020; 202: 105255.
3. Budke CM, Deplazes P, Torgerson PR. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006; 12(2): 296-303.
4. Harandi MF, Budke CM, Rostami S. The monetary burden of cystic echinococcosis in Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(11): e1915.
5. Sadjjadi SM (2006). Present situation of echinococcosis in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa. Parasitol Int. 2006; 55: S197-202.
6. Parsa F, Fasihi Harandi M, Rostami S, et al. Genotyping Echinococcus granulosus from dogs from Western Iran. Exp Parasitol. 2012; 132(2): 308-12.
7. Shariatzadeh SA, Spotin A, Gholami S, et al. The first morphometric and phylogenetic perspective on molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in stray dogs in a hyperendemic Middle East focus, northwestern Iran. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8: 409.
8. Gholami S, Jahandar H, Abastabar M, et al. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Dogs and Jackals from Caspian Sea region, northern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2016; 11(2): 186-194.
9. Ghabdian S, Borji H, Naghibi A. Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus strain in stray dogs from Northeastern Iran. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports. 2017; 9: 6-8.
10. Heidari Z, Sharbatkhori M, Mobedi I, et al. Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in canines in North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, identified using morphology and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA. Parasites Vectors. 2019; 12(1): 606.
11. Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Jex AR, et al. Genetic categorization of Echinococcus granulosus from humans and herbivorous hosts in Iran using an integrated mutation scanning-phylogenetic approach. Electrophoresis. 2009; 30(15): 2648-55.
12. Kia EB, Rahimi H, Sharbatkhori M, et al. Genotype identification of human cystic echinococcosis in Isfahan, central Iran. Parasitol Res. 2010, 107(3): 757-60.
13. Rostami S, Shariat Torbaghan S, Dabiri S, et al. Genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from a large number of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of human isolates in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015; 92(3): 588-594.
14. Sharbatkhori M, Tanzifi A, Rostami S, et al. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in domestic livestock and humans in Golestan province, Iran. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2016; 58: 38.
15. Zhang W, Wen H, Li J, et al. Immunology and immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: an update. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012; 2012.
16. Moro P, Schantz PM. Echinococcosis: a review. Int J Infect Dis. 2009; 13(2): 125-33.
17. Deplazes P, Rinaldi L, Rojas CA, et al. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Adv Parasitol. 2017; 315-493.
18. Galeh TM, Spotin A, Mahami-Oskouei M, et al. The seroprevalence rate and population genetic structure of human cystic echinococcosis in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Surgery. 2018; 51: 39-48.
19. Khalkhali H, Foroutan M, Khademvatan S, et al. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Helminthol. 2018; 92(3): 260-268.
20. Mahmoudi S, Mamishi S, Banar M, et al. Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19(1): 1-19.
21. Shahriarirad R, Erfani A, Eskandarisani M, et al. Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of hospitalized cases. Trop Med Health. 2020; 48: 49.
22. Pezeshki A, Akhlaghi L, Sharbatkhori M, et al. Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic animals and humans from Ardabil Province, northwest Iran. J Helminthol. 2013; 87(4): 387-91.
23. Hanilou A, Badali H, Esmaeilzadeh A. Seroepidemiological study of hydatidosis in Zanjan (Islam-Abad 2002). Journal Of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research. 2004; 41-46.
24. Rafiei A, Hemadi A, Maraghi S, et al. Seroepidemiology of cystic echinococcosis in referred patients to health centers in Golestan province using ELISA and IFA. East Mediterr Health J. 2007; 13(1): 41-8.
25. Heidari Z, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, et al. Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis in Meshkinshahr district, Ardabil province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2011; 6(3): 19-25.
26. Rakhshanpour A, Harandi MF, Moazezi S, et al. Seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using ELISA method in Qom province, central Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2012; 7(3): 10-15.
27. Asghari M, Mohebali M, Kia EB, et al. Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis using AgB-ELISA test in Arak, central Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2013; 42(4): 391-6.
28. Ilbeigi P, Mohebali M, Kia EB, et al. Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis using AgB-ELISA test in Isfahan city and suburb Areas, Isfahan Province, central Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2015; 44(9): 1219-24.
29. Dabaghzadeh H, Bairami A, Kia EB, et al. Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in Alborz Province, central Iran in 2015. Iran J Public Health. 2018; 47(4): 561-566.
30. Garedaghi Y, Bahavarnia S. Seroepidemiolog-ical study of hydatid cyst by ELISAmethod in East-Azarbaijan Province. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2015; 18(2): 181-72.
31. Arbabi M, Masoud J, Dalimi Asl A, et al. Seroepidemiologic prevalence of Hydatid cyst in Hamadan 1991. Feyz. 1998; 2(2): 43-50.
32. Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004; 17(1): 107-35.
33. Eslami A, Hosseini SH. Echinococcus granulosus infection of farm dogs of Iran. Parasitol Res. 1998; 84(3): 205-7.
34. Fathi S, Ghasemikhah R, Mohammadi R, et al. Seroprevalence of hydatidosis in people referring to Reference laboratory of Gorgan, Golestan Province, northern Iran 2017. Iran J Parasitol. 2019; 14(3): 436-443.
35. Rokni M. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2009; 1-16.
36. Pezeshki A, Kia E, Gholizadeh A, et al. An analysis of hydatid cyst surgeries in Tehran Milad Hospital, Iran, during 2001-2004. Pak J Med Sci January. 2007; 23(1): 138-140.
37. Parkoohi PI, Jahani M, Hosseinzadeh F, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of hydatid cyst in Northern Iran from 2005 to 2015. Iran J Parasitol. 2018; 13(2): 310-316.
38. Mehrabani NG, Kousha A, Khalili M, et al. Hydatid cyst surgeries in patients referred to hospitals in East Azerbaijan province during 2009-2011.Iran J Parasitol. 2014; 9(2): 233-238.
39. Hezarjaribi HZ, Fakhar M, Esboei BR, et al. Serological evidence of human cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among general population in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2017; 18: 1-5.
40. Rafiei A, Hemadi A, Maraghi S, et al. Human cystic echinococcosis in nomads of south-west Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2007; 13(1), 41-48.
41. Saberi-Firouzi M, Kaffashian F, Hayati E, et al. Prevalence of hydatidosis in nomadic tribes of southern Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 1998; 12(2): 113-118.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 4 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v16i4.7872 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Seroepidemiology Human hydatidosis Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Heidari Z, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Alizadeh Z, Molaei S, Peeri Dogaheh H, Mirzanejad-Asl H. Seroprevalence of Human Hydatidosis in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2021;16(4):593-600.
