Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in ICR Mice as a Model of Cerebral Malaria
-
R. Basir
,
SS. Fazalul-Rahiman
,
K. Hasballah
,
WC. Chong
,
H. Talib
,
MF. Yam
,
M. Jabbarzare
,
TH. Tie
,
F. Othman
,
MAM. Moklas
,
WO. Abdullah
,
Z. Ahmad
Abstract
Background: Animal models with various combination of host-parasite have long been employed to study malaria pathogenesis. Here, we describe the combination of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infec- tion in inbred ICR mice as a model of cerebral malaria (CM).
Methods: Infection in mice was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 107 (0.2ml) parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs).
Results: This model can produce a severe degree of infection presented by the high degree of parasitaemia followed by death 6-7 days post infection. Severe anemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and discolourations of major organs were observed. Histopathological findings revealed several i m- portant features mimicking human CM including, microvascular sequestration of PRBCs in major organs, particularly in the brain, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the kupffer cells in the liver, pulmo- nary edema and hyaline membrane formation in the lungs and haemorrhages in the kidney’s medulla and cortex. Proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-18, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were all found to be elevated in the plasma of infected mice.
Conclusion: This model can reproduce many of the important features of CM and therefore can be used as a tool to advance our understanding of the disease pathogenesis.
Druilhe P, Hagan P, Rook GAW. The importance of models of infection in the study of disease resistance. Trends Microbiol. 2002; 10(10): 38-46.
World Malaria Report 2011. http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2011/9789241564403_eng.pdf
Hunt NH, Grau GE. Cytokines: accelerators and brakes in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Trends Immunol. 2003: 24(9): 491-499.
Combes V, de Souza JB, Renia L, Hunt NH, Grau GE. Cerebral malaria: which parasite? Which model? Drug Disc Today. 2005; 2(2): 141-147.
Berendt AR, Turner GDH, Newbold CI. Cerebral malaria: the sequestration hypothesis. Parasitol Today. 1994; 10(10): 412-414.
Clark IA, Rockett KA. The cytokine theory of human cerebral malaria. Parasitol Today. 1994; 10(10): 410-412.
Artavanis-Tsakonas K, Riley EM. Innate immune response to malaria: rapid inductionof IFNγ from human NK cells by live Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. J Immunol. 2002; 169(6): 2956-2963.
de Souza JB, Riley EM. Cerebral malaria: the contribution of studies in animal models to our understanding of immunopathogenesis. Microbes Infect. 2002; 4(3): 291-300.
Menendez C, Fleming AF, Alonso PL. Malaria- related anaemia. Parasitol Today. 2000; 16(11): 469-476.
Phillips RE, Looaresuwan S, Warrell DA, Lee SH, Karbwang J, Warrell MJ, White NJ, Swasdichi C, Weatherall DJ. The importance of anaemia in cerebral and uncomplicated falciparum malaria: role of complications, dyserythropoiesis and iron sequestration. The Quarterly J Med. 1986; 58(227): 305-323.
Davis TME, Krishna S, Looaresuwan S, Supararanond W, Pukrittayakamee S, Attatansoonthorn K, White NJ. Erythrocyte sequestration and anaemia in severe falciparum malaria. J Clin Invest. 1990; 86(3): 793-800.
Phillips RE, Pasvol G. Anaemia of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Bailliere Clin Haematol. 1992; 5(2): 315-330.
English M, Waruiru C, Marsh K. Transfusion of respiratory distress in life-threatening childhood malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55(5): 525-530.
Jennings G, Elia M. Effect of E. coli endotoxin on temperature, oxygen consumption and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats and mice. Biosci. Reports. 1987; 7(6): 517-523.
Farthing MJG, Rolston DDK. Infectious diseases and tropical medicine. Clinical Medicine, Eds: P. J. Kumar, and M. L. Clark, Balliere Tindall, London. 1987. p. 75-77.
Bates I, Bedu-Addo G. Chronic malaria and splenic lymphoma: clues to understanding lymphoma evolution. Leukemia. 1997; 11(12): 2162-2167.
Boonpucknavig V, Sitprija V. Renal disease in acute P. falciparum infection in man. Kidney Int. 1979; 16(1): 44-52.
Bruce-Chwatt LJ. Essential malariology. William Heinemann medical books Ltd., London. pp. 10-12, 1980.
V. Houba, “Specific immunity: immunopathology and immunosuppression. In: Malaria. Principles and practice of malariology. Wernsdorfer WH, McGregor I, editors. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1998. 1.
Grau GE, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ,Vassalli P, Hommel M, Lambert PH. Tumour necrosis factor and disease severity in children with falciparum malaria. N Eng J Med. 1989; 320(24): 1586-1591.
Kwiatkowski D, Hill AV, Sambou I, Twumasi P, Castracane J, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Brewster DR, Greenwood BM. TNF concentration in tafal cerebral, non-fatal cereral, and umcomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Lancet. 1990; 336(8725): 1201-1204.
Molyneux ME, Engelmann H, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Aderka D, Wallach D, Grau GE. Circulating plasma receptors for tumour necrosis factor in Malawian children with severe falciparum malaria. Cytokine. 1993; 5(6): 604-609.
Day NP, Hien TT, Schollaardt T, Loc PP, Chuong BV, Chau TT, Mai NT, Phu NH, Sinh DX, White NJ, Ho M. The prognosticand pathophysiologic role of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in severe malaria. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180(4): 1288-1297.
Luty AJ, Lell B, Schmidt-Ott R, Lehman LG, Lubkner D, Greve B, Matousek P, Herbich K, Schmid D, Migot-Nabies F, Deloron P, Nussenzweig RS, Kremsner PG. Interferongamma responses are associated with resistance to reinfection with Plasmodium falciparum in young African children. J Infect Dis. 1999; 179(4): 980-988.
GrauGE, Frei K, Piguet PF, Fontana A, Heremans H, Billiau A, Vassali P, Lambert H. Interleukin 6 production in experimental cerebral malaria: modulation by anti-cytokineantibodies and possible role in hypergammaglobulinaemia. J Exp Med. 1990; 172(5): 1505-1508.
Kossodo S, Monso C, Juillard P, Velu T, Goldman M, Grau GE. Interleukin-10 modulates susceptibility in experimental cerebral malaria. Immunol. 1997: 91(4): 536-540.
Peyron F, Burdin N, Ringwald P, Vuillez P, Rousset F, Banchereau J. High levels of circulating IL-10 in human malaria. Clin ExpImmunol. 1994; 95(2): 300-303.
Sarthou JL, Angel G, Arisot G, Regier C,Dieye A, Toure BA. Prognostic value of antiPlasmodium falciparum-specific immunoglobulin G3, cytokines and their soluble receptors in West African patients with severe malaria. Infect Immun. 1997; 65(8): 3271-3276.
Kojima S, Nagamine Y, Hayano M, Looareesuwan S, Nakanishi K. A potential role of Interleukin- 18 in severe falciparum malaria. Acta Trop. 2004; 89(3): 279-284.
Feldman RM, Singer C. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and pulmonary fibrosis in falciparum malaria. Rev Infect Dis. 1987: 9(2): 134-139.
Bolandard F, Hommel D, Hulin A. Plasma exchange and severe P. falciparum malaria. Cahiers Anesthesiol. 1995; 43(4): 371-373.
Aikawa M, Suzuki M, Gutierrez Y. Pathology of malaria. In: Kreier JP, editors. Malaria. New York: Academic Press; 1980. p. 47-102.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7 No 4 (2012) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Animal model Malaria Plasmodium berghei ICR mice | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
