Molecular Assay Proves the Presence of Theileria annulata Infection in Camels in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq
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Abstract
Background: Theileria camelensis and T. dromedarii are parasitic protozoans reported by several studies as specific species that infect the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). However, other findings casted significant doubts on the true identity of the causative species of theileriosis in camels. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate of T. camelensis and T. dromedarii in one humped camels in Iraq during Apr-Oct 2017.
Methods: Blood samples for DNA extraction were obtained from 181 slaughtered camels. Molecular investigation was performed following the amplification of 18S rRNA gene by conventional PCR technique. DNA sequencing was then utilized only for the positive samples to confirm the infection with the Theileria species.
Results: Nine (4.97%) out of 181 examined samples showed a positive result to infection with Theileria spp., and all these appeared as a T. annulata when subjected to DNA amplification and sequencing techniques. There was a complete absence of any new sequence outside the known species.
Conclusion: Most of Theileria infection in camels in the study area is caused by T. annulata and no other causative agents like T. camelensis or T. dromedarii.
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14. Barghash SM, Hafez AA, Darwish AM, Abou El-Naga TR. Molecular Detection of Pathogens in Ticks Infesting Camels in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. J Bacteriol Parasitol. 2016; 7(2): 259-62.
15. Moezi V, Sarani1 A, Hashemi H, Rasekh M. Molecular study of Theileria camelensis and Theileria dromedarii strains based on se-quence of 18s ribosomal DNA fragment in camels. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2016; 8(2S):399-406.
16. Sazmand A, Eigner B, Mirzael M, et al. Molecular Identification of Hemoprotozo-an Parasites in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2016; 11(4): 568-573.
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19. Mishra AK, Sharma NN, Raghavendra Rao J. Theileria dromedarii N.SP. from Indian camels (Camelus dromedarius). Rivista di Par-assitologia. 1987; 4: 99-102.
20. Boid R, Jones TW, Luckins AG. Protozoal Diseases of Camels. Br Vet J. 1985; 141: 87-105.
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22. Hoogstraal H. Notes on African Haema-physalis ticks. III. The hyrax parasites, H. bequaerti sp. nov., H. orientalis N. and W., 1915 (new combination), and H. cooleyi Bedford, 1929 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). J Parasitol. 1956; 42:156-172.
23. Mustafa U, Jongejan F, Morzaria SP. Note on the transmission of Theileria annulata by Hyalomma ticks in Sudan. Vet Q. 1983; 5(3): 112-113.
24. Asadollahi1 Z, Jalali MHR, Alborzi A, Hamidinejat H. Detection of Theileria-like organisms in Hyalomma ticks (Acarina: Ix-odidae) in Khuzestan, Iran. Sci Parasitol. 2018; 19(1-2):34-39.
2. Kamani J, Usman TA, Onyeamaechi EG, et al. Hemoparasites of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Anim Res Int. 2008; 5: 838-839.
3. Karimi A, Rahbari S, Yousefi A. Blood parasites of camels from central regions of Iran: comparative evaluation of various de-tection techniques and serum protein components. J Adv Parasitol. 2015; 2: 1-4.
4. Swelum AA, Ismael AB, Khalaf AF, Abouheif MA. Clinical and laboratory findings associated with naturally occurring babesiosis in dromedary camels. Bull Vet Inst Pulaway. 2014; 58: 229-233.
5. Mahran OM. Some studies on Blood Par-asites in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) at Shalatin City, Red Sea Governorate. J Eu-karyot Microbiol. 1989; 36: 422-423.
6. Yakimoff WL, Schokhor NI, Kosel-Kine PM. In Maladies animals du Turkestan russe a parasites endoglobulaires. Bull Soc Path Exot. 1917; 10, 303-305. Cited by Gatt-Rutter TE. Protozoal Diseases of Camel. Vet Bull. 1967; 37: 611-618.
7. Mukhebi AW, Perry BD, Kruska R. Esti-mated economics of theileriosis control in Africa. Prev Vet Med. 1992; 12: 73-85.
8. Radostits OM, Gay CC, Hinchcliff KW, Constable PD. Babesiosis. In: Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and goats. 10th ed. Saunders/Elsevier. 2007: 1483-1498.
9. Hekmatimoghaddam S, Sazmand A, Ra-sooli A, et al. Laboratory tests in drome-dary camels naturally infected with piro-plasms in Iran: Study and review of litera-ture. Journal of Camel Practice and Re-search. 2012; 19: 217-221.
10. Ismael AB, Swelum AA, Khalaf AF, Abouheif MA. Clinical, haematological and biochemical alterations associated with an outbreak of theileriosis in dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia. Pak Vet J. 2014; 34(2):209–13.
11. Elghali A, Hassan SM. Drop-off rhythms and survival periods of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) fed on camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Sudan. Vet Parasitol. 2010; 170:302-306.
12. Nassar AM. Theileria infection in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt. Vet Parasitol. 1992; 43:147-149.
13. Hamed MI, Zaitoun AMA, El-Allawy TAA, Mourad IM. Investigation of Theileria camelensis in camels infested by Hyalomma dromedarii ticks in Upper Egypt. J Adv Vet Res. 2011;1: 4-7.
14. Barghash SM, Hafez AA, Darwish AM, Abou El-Naga TR. Molecular Detection of Pathogens in Ticks Infesting Camels in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. J Bacteriol Parasitol. 2016; 7(2): 259-62.
15. Moezi V, Sarani1 A, Hashemi H, Rasekh M. Molecular study of Theileria camelensis and Theileria dromedarii strains based on se-quence of 18s ribosomal DNA fragment in camels. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2016; 8(2S):399-406.
16. Sazmand A, Eigner B, Mirzael M, et al. Molecular Identification of Hemoprotozo-an Parasites in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2016; 11(4): 568-573.
17. Jalali SM, Khaki Z, Kazemi B, Rahbari S. Molecular detection and identification of Theileria species by PCR-RFLP method in sheep from Ahvaz, Southern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2014; 9(1):99-106.
18. Tylor AM, Coop RL, Wall RL. Veterinary parasitology. Third Edition, Blackwell pub-lishing. 2007: P.1345-1346.
19. Mishra AK, Sharma NN, Raghavendra Rao J. Theileria dromedarii N.SP. from Indian camels (Camelus dromedarius). Rivista di Par-assitologia. 1987; 4: 99-102.
20. Boid R, Jones TW, Luckins AG. Protozoal Diseases of Camels. Br Vet J. 1985; 141: 87-105.
21. Abou El-Naga TR, Barghash SM. Blood Parasites in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern West Coast of Egypt. J Bacteriol Parasitol. 2016; 7: 258.
22. Hoogstraal H. Notes on African Haema-physalis ticks. III. The hyrax parasites, H. bequaerti sp. nov., H. orientalis N. and W., 1915 (new combination), and H. cooleyi Bedford, 1929 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). J Parasitol. 1956; 42:156-172.
23. Mustafa U, Jongejan F, Morzaria SP. Note on the transmission of Theileria annulata by Hyalomma ticks in Sudan. Vet Q. 1983; 5(3): 112-113.
24. Asadollahi1 Z, Jalali MHR, Alborzi A, Hamidinejat H. Detection of Theileria-like organisms in Hyalomma ticks (Acarina: Ix-odidae) in Khuzestan, Iran. Sci Parasitol. 2018; 19(1-2):34-39.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 2 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v16i2.6317 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Theileria Camelensis Dromedarii Annulata Camel | ||
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How to Cite
1.
A’aiz N, Ayyez HN, Neamah AJ. Molecular Assay Proves the Presence of Theileria annulata Infection in Camels in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. Iran J Parasitol. 2021;16(2):289-294.
