Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis in Children in Kashmir, J&K State, India

Abstract

Background: Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the ascarid of dogs and cats, the main representative of which is a Toxocara canis. Distribution of the disease is world wide and is more prevalent in children. The present study was carried out in children of Kashmir valley, to determine the toxocariasis seropositivity.

Methods: For the present seroepidemiological study, blood samples were collected at random from children of all the six districts of the Valley. The sampling was carried from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005. A total of 286 children, 162 males and 124 females in age group of 0-16 years were selected for the present study. ELISA was used for detection of IgG antibodies against Toxocara excretory secretary antigen. A questionnaire interview was conducted to obtain the data concerning their age, sex and habits. The particular points in the questionnaire asked were recorded on the format right on the spot.

Results: Gender was found a significant risk factor for the Toxocara infection in children population. Male children were found more infected (41.97% as compared to females (20.94%). The total seroprevalence of T. canis antibodies in children of Kashmir valley was 32.86 %. The risk factors that were found associated with the infection of toxocariasis in children population of Kashmir valley include family back ground, status of living conditions, awareness, etc.

Conclusion: The present study reveals high prevalence of T. canis infection in children of Kashmir valley. It is important to raise the awareness of health professionals, public and educators to the fact that toxocariasis is a public health problem. Health promotion by means of a school based educational approach, diagnosis and continuous programme of treatment are necessary.