Sand Fly-Borne Leishmaniasis in the Era of Climate Change: The Need for One Health Surveillance and Resistance Monitoring in Iran
Abstract
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1. Sabzevari S, Mohebali M, Hashemi A. Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: parasites, vectors and reservoir hosts in endemic foci of North Khorasan, Northeastern Iran-a Narrative Review. J Med Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;8(2):40-4.
2. Feiz-Haddad MH, Khorami S. A comprehensive review of epidemiology, environmental factors, and control strategies for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: challenges and prospects. Adv Biomed Res. 2025;14:90.
3. Kumari Y, Gunathilaka N, Amarasinghe D. A comprehensive review of biological and genetic control approaches for leishmaniasis vector sand flies; emphasis towards promoting tools for integrated vector management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025;19(1):e0012795.
4. World Health Organization. Leishmaniasis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
5. Kim J, Zieneldien T, Ma S, Cohen BA. Structural drivers of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Examining how the converging effects of displacement, environmental disruption, and political instability reshape epidemiology beyond endemic regions. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2025;10(9):245.
6. Trájer AJ. The ecology of mosquito and sandfly vectors and their pathogens in a changing environment (Doctoral dissertation, Pannon Egyetem).
7. Carbone G, Boiardi G, Infantino C, Cunico D, Esposito S. Vectors on the Move: How Climate Change Fuels the Spread of Arboviruses in Europe. Microorganisms. 2025;13(9):2034.
8. Hong A, Zampieri RA, Shaw JJ, et al. One health approach to leishmaniases: understanding the disease dynamics through diagnostic tools. Pathogens. 2020;9(10):809.
9. Mohammadi S, Najafzadeh N, Ghafari SM, et al. Geographical and molecular analysis of haplotype variations in Leishmania major among infected Iranian Phlebotomus papatasi. Acta Parasitol. 2024;69(1):549-58.
10. Balaska S, Khajehali J, Mavridis K, et al. Development and application of species ID and insecticide resistance assays, for monitoring sand fly Leishmania vectors in the Mediterranean basin and in the Middle East. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024;18(12):e0012408.
2. Feiz-Haddad MH, Khorami S. A comprehensive review of epidemiology, environmental factors, and control strategies for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: challenges and prospects. Adv Biomed Res. 2025;14:90.
3. Kumari Y, Gunathilaka N, Amarasinghe D. A comprehensive review of biological and genetic control approaches for leishmaniasis vector sand flies; emphasis towards promoting tools for integrated vector management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025;19(1):e0012795.
4. World Health Organization. Leishmaniasis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
5. Kim J, Zieneldien T, Ma S, Cohen BA. Structural drivers of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Examining how the converging effects of displacement, environmental disruption, and political instability reshape epidemiology beyond endemic regions. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2025;10(9):245.
6. Trájer AJ. The ecology of mosquito and sandfly vectors and their pathogens in a changing environment (Doctoral dissertation, Pannon Egyetem).
7. Carbone G, Boiardi G, Infantino C, Cunico D, Esposito S. Vectors on the Move: How Climate Change Fuels the Spread of Arboviruses in Europe. Microorganisms. 2025;13(9):2034.
8. Hong A, Zampieri RA, Shaw JJ, et al. One health approach to leishmaniases: understanding the disease dynamics through diagnostic tools. Pathogens. 2020;9(10):809.
9. Mohammadi S, Najafzadeh N, Ghafari SM, et al. Geographical and molecular analysis of haplotype variations in Leishmania major among infected Iranian Phlebotomus papatasi. Acta Parasitol. 2024;69(1):549-58.
10. Balaska S, Khajehali J, Mavridis K, et al. Development and application of species ID and insecticide resistance assays, for monitoring sand fly Leishmania vectors in the Mediterranean basin and in the Middle East. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024;18(12):e0012408.
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| Issue | Vol 21 No 3 (2026) | |
| Section | Letter to the Editor | |
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How to Cite
1.
Shadbash P. Sand Fly-Borne Leishmaniasis in the Era of Climate Change: The Need for One Health Surveillance and Resistance Monitoring in Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2026;21(3):434-435.
