Impact of Livestock Shed Sanitation on Zoonotic Parasite Exposure in Stunted Children from Farming Communities

Abstract

Background: The growing livestock population in the Panti district of Jember Regency, East Java, has raised concerns over its role as a source of zoonotic infections, particularly among children in farming communities. With a stunting prevalence of 34.9%, the highest in East Java, this region represents a critical area for investigating environmental health risks contributing to growth impairment in children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 79 stunted children residing in farming communities and their livestock sheds in 2023. Shed sanitation included location, direction, building construction, waste handling, and cleanliness. Stool samples from children and cattle were examined using direct smear microscopy to detect Cryptosporidium spp. and E. histolytica. Statistical analyses included bivariate and logistic regression tests.

Results: Findings revealed that 13.5% of stunted children were infected with Cryptosporidium spp., while 11.9% tested positive for E. histolytica. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified livestock shed location (P=0.008; P=0.041) and shed direction (P=0.018) as significant determinants for E. histolytica infection. For Cryptosporidium spp., shed orientation, particularly alignment that limits sunlight exposure, was significantly associated with infection risk (OR=14.27; 95% CI:1.39,149.21; P=0.02).

Conclusion: This study emphasizes that poor shed sanitation, especially inadequate sunlight exposure and proximity to homes, increases the risk of zoonotic protozoa transmission. Poorly oriented sheds hinder drying, supporting parasite survival. Children in such environments face higher infection and stunting risks. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction from pathogen exposure impairs absorption and growth. Improving shed design and hygiene education is essential to protect child health.