In Vitro Study on Cytotoxic Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles on Promastigote and Amastigote Forms of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER)
,
Abstract
Background: Although pentavalent antimony compounds are used as antileish-manial drugs but they are associated with limitations and several adverse complica-tions. Therefore, always effort to find a new and effective treatment is desired. In this study, the effect of ZnO nanoparticles with mean particle size of 20 nanome-ters (nm) on Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes was evaluated.
Methods: Viability percentage of promastigotes after adding different concentra-tions of ZnO nanoparticles (30, 60, 90 and 120 μg/ml) to the parasite culture was evaluated by MTT assay. In the flow cytometry study, Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis detection Kit was used to study the induced apoptosis and necrotic effects.
Result : IC50 after 24 hours of incubation was 37.8 μg/ml. ZnO nanoparticles ex-ert cytotoxic effects on promastigotes of L. major through the induction of apopto-sis. A concentration of 120 μg/ml of ZnO nanoparticles induced 93.76% apoptosis in L. major after 72 hours.
Conclusion: ZnO NPs can induce apoptosis in L. major by dose and time-de-pended manner in vitro condition.
Makwali JA, Wanjala FME, Kaburi JC, Ingonga J, Byrum WW, Anjili CO. Combination and monotherapy of Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice using plant extracts and herbicide. J Vector Borne Dis. 2012; 49(3):123-30.
Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (5): e35671.
Garnier T, Croft SL. Topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002; 3(4) :538-44.
Minodier P, Parola P. Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2006; 5(3):150-8.
Verma NK, Dey CS. Possible Mechanism of Miltefosine-Mediated Death of Leishmania donovani. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48:3010-15.
Natera S, Machuca C, Padron-Nieves M, Romero A, Diaz E, Ponte-Sucre A. Leishmania spp.: proficiency of drug-resistant parasites. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007; 29(6):637-42
Markle WH, Makhoul K. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Recognition and Treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2004; 69:455-60.
Wang H, Wick RL, Xing B. Toxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO, Al2O3 and TiO2 to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Environ Pollut. 2008;157:1171-7.
Ahamed M, Akhtar JM, Raja M, Ahmad I, Siddiqui MKJ, AlSalhi MS, Alrokayan SA.ZnO nanorod induced apoptosis in human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells via p53, survivin and bax/bcl-2 pathways: role of oxidative stress. Nanomedicine :NBM. 2011; 7: 904-13.
Nair S, Sasidharan A, Divya RVV, Menon D, Nair S, Manzoor K, et al. Role of size scale of ZnO nanoparticles and microparticles on toxicity toward bacteria and osteoblast cancer cells. J Mater Sci. 2008; 20:235-41.
Premanathan M, Karthikeyan K, Jey-asubramanian K, Manivannan G. Selective toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles toward Gram-positive bacteria and cancer cells by apoptosis through lipid peroxidation. Nanomedicine. 2011; 7:184-92.
Emami-Karvani Z, Chehrazi P. Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2011; 5:1368-73.
Sawai J. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activities of metallic oxide powders (ZnO, MgO and CaO) by conductimetric assay. J Microbiol Meth. 2003; 54:177-82.
Sawai J, Yoshikawa T. Quantitative evaluation of antifungal activity of metallic oxide powders (MgO, CaO and ZnO) by an indirect conductimetric assay. J Appl Microbiol. 2004; 96:803-9.
Hirota K, Sugimoto M, Kato M, Tsukagoshi K, Tanigawa T, Sugimoto H. Preparation of zinc oxide ceramics with a sustainable antibacterial activity under dark conditions. Ceram Int. 2010; 36:497-506.
Torabi N, Mohebali M, Shahverdi AR, Rezayat SM, Edrissian GH, Esmaeili J, et al. Nanogold for the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER): an animal trial with methanol extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. J Pharm Sci. 2011; 113-16.
Mohebali M, Rezayat MM, Gilani K, Sarkar S, Akhoundi B, Esmaeili J, Satvat T, Elikaee S, Charehdar S, Hooshyar H. Nanosilver in the treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (MRHO/-IR/75/ER): an in vitro and in vivo study. Da-ru. 2009; 17(4):285-289.
Love DC, Esko JD, Mosser DM. Heparin-binding Activity on Leishmania Amastigote Which Mediates Adhesion to Cellular Proteoglycans. J Cell Biol. 1993; 123:759-66.
Esmaeili J, Mohebali M, Edrissian GH, Rezayat SM, Ghazi-Khansari M, Charehdar S. Evalua-tion of miltefosine against Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER): In vitro and In vivo studies. Acta Med Iranica. 2008; 46(3):191-196.
Shanehsaz SM, Ishkhanian S. Electrocardio-graphic and biochemical Adverse Effects of Meglumine Antimoniate during the Treatment of Syrian Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients. EDOJ. 2013; 9(1):1-9.
Ayatollahi J, Modares mosadegh M, Halvani A. Effect of Glucantime on blood factors in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol. 2011; 1(2) : 57-61.
Mohebali M, Fotouhi A, Hooshmand B, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Rahnema A, et al. Comparison of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) by a randomized clinical trial in Iran. Acta Trop. 2007 ;103(1):33-40.
Soflaei N, Dalimi A, Abdoli A, Kamali M, Nasiri V, Shakibaie M, et al. Anti-leishmanial activities of selenium nanoparticles and selenium dioxide on Leishmania infantum. Comp Clin Pathol. 2012: DOI 10.1007.
Verma NK, Singh G, Dey CS. Miltefosine induces apoptosis in arsenite-resistant Leishmania donovani promastigotes through mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Parasitol. 2007; 116:1-13.
Meyer K, Rajanahalli P, Ahamed M, Rowe JJ, Hong Y. ZnO nanoparticles induce apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts via p53 and p38 pathways. Toxicol in Vitro. 2011; 25:1721-6.
Brunner TJ, Wick P, Manser P, Spohn P, Grass RN, Limbach LK, et al. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Oxide Nanoparticles: Comparison to Asbestos, Silica, and the Effect of Particle Solubility. Environ Sci Technol. 2006; 40:4374-81.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 1 (2014) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Amastigote Apoptosis Leishmania major MTT assay Promastigote ZnO nanoparticles | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
