The Molecular Detection and Therapeutic Management of Pathogenic Theileria luwenshuni Infection in a Goat: A Case Report
Abstract
A 2-year-old female Assam Hill goat was presented with a clinical history of anorexia, fever, mild anemia, rough body coat, dehydration, tachycardia, dyspnea and swelling of palpable lymph nodes. Hematology revealed low hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell and thrombocyte count. Biochemical analysis showed increased serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and urea in comparison to the normal reference range. Microscopic examination showed intra-erythrocytic forms of Theileria species. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of partial 18S rRNA gene sequence confirmed Theileria luwenshuni infection. The goat was treated with buparvaquone and oxytetracycline and recovered uneventfully. A three-month follow-up showed no recurrence. This study reveals the presence of T. luwenshuni in Assam, India and it should be considered in differential diagnosis and as one of the important pathogens of clinically sick goats. The present case report provides a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment for a goat infected with pathogenic T. luwenshuni in Assam, India. To our knowledge, the present communication describes about the first successful therapeutic management of pathogenic T. luwenshuni infection in a goat supported with molecular evidence from Assam, a north-eastern state of India.
2. Mohammadi SM, Esmaeilnejad B, Jalilzadeh-Amin G. Molecular detection, infection rate and vectors of Theileria lestoquardi in goats from West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Vet Res Forum. 2017; 8(2): 139-144.
3. Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Samiei A, et al. Molecular verification of transplacental transmission of Theileria lestoquardi in goat. Parasitol Res. 2018; 117: 3315–3318. doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-6007-3.
4. Begam R, Talukdar SK, Sarmah PC, et al. Molecular and microscopic detection of Theileria luwenshuni infection in goats in and around Guwahati of Assam, India. Biol. Rhythm Res. 2019; 53(1): 18-25. doi: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1621066.
5. Soulsby EJL. Helminths, artropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th ed. London: Bailliere Tindall 1982; 736-737.
6. Kakati P, Sarmah PC, Sharma RK, et al. Emergence of oriental theileriosis in cattle and its transmission through Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Assam, India. Vet World. 2015; 8(9): 1099-1104. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1099-1104.
7. Ullah N, Durrani AZ, Avais M, et al. A first report on prevalence of caprine theileriosis and its association with host biomarkers in Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Small Ruminant Res. 2018; 159: 56-61. doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.004.
8. Shruthi R, Thimmareddy PM, Mamatha GS, et al. Studies on theileriosis in goats from Karnataka, South India. J Parasit Dis. 2017; 41: 1082–1085. doi.org/10.1007/s12639-017-0937-z
9. Hassan MA, Raoofi A, Lotfollahzadeh S, et al. Clinical and cytological characteristics and prognostic implications on sheep and goat Theileria infection in north of Iran. J. Parasit Dis. 2015; 39: 190-193. doi: 10.1007/s12639-013-0318-1.
10. Tolouei Kaleibar M, Ashrafi Helan J, Fathi E. Occurrence of congenital cerebral theileriosis in a newborn twin Holstein calves in Iran: Case report. Vet Res Forum. 2014; 5(3): 237-241.
11. Alsaad KM, Al-Obaidi QT, Esmaeel SA. Hematological and biochemical study on the effect some common blood parasites in native goats in Mosul area. Iraq J Vet Sci. 2009; 23: 101-106.
12. Habibi G, Sepahvand-Mohammadi E, Afshari A, et al. Molecular detection of Theileria spp. and Babesia ovis infection in Sheep in Baneh, Iran. Arch. Razi Inst. 2020; 75(2): 289-296. doi: 10.22092/ari.2019.125136.1297.
13. Rahmani-Varmale M, Tavassoli M, Esmaeilnejad B. Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Theileria lestoquardi, T. ovis and T. annulata in Blood of Goats and Ticks in Kermanshah Province, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2019; 13(3): 297-309.
14. Thrall MA, Weiser G, Allison R, et al. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. 2nd ed. New Jersey, USA: Blackwell publishing Ltd 2012; 1-401.
15. Medhi B, Talukdar M, Goswami JN, et al. Blood profile of Assam hill goat in different ages. Int J Chem Stud. 2018; 6(3): 1050-1052.
16. Hasheminasab SS, Moradi P, Wright I. A four year epidemiological and chemotherapy survey of babesiosis and theileriosis, and tick vectors in sheep, cattle and goats in Dehgolan, Iran. Ann Parasitol. 2018; 64(1): 43–48. doi:10.17420/ap6401.131.
Files | ||
Issue | Vol 19 No 4 (2024) | |
Section | Case Report(s) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17173 | |
Keywords | ||
Assam Buparvaquone Goat Theileria luwenshuni |
Rights and permissions | |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |