Articles

Genetic Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by Using the Actin Gene and Molecular Based Methods

Abstract

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the agent of urogenital tract infection that causes human trichomoniasis with some serious health complications. More understanding about genetic features of the parasite can be helpful in the study of the pathogenesis, drug susceptibility and epidemiology of the infection. For this end,we conducted analysis of the actin gene of T. vaginalis by applying the PCR-SSCP(PCR-Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism) and nucleotide sequencingmethod.

Methods: Fifty T. vaginalis samples were collected from 950 women attending gynecology clinics in two cities of Iran, Hamadan and Tehran, from November 2010 to July 2011. After axenisation of isolates, all samples subjected to PCR-SSCP and nucleotide sequencing.

Results: According to the SSCP banding patterns and nucleotide sequencing, seven sequence types were detected among the isolates. Alignment of the nucleotide sequences showed five polymorphic sites in the different strain types. Amino acid substitution was not observed in the nucleotide sequence translation of the all sequences.

Conclusion: The actin gene analysis represents genetic diversity of T. vaginalis and it suggests that various strains can be responsible for clinically different trichomoniasis in infected individuals. It is expected that further studies will be conductedto increase our knowledge about relationship between the actin gene polymorphism and different biological behavior of the parasite.

Schwebke JR, Burgess D. Trichomoniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004; 17(4): 794-803.

Zhang ZF, Graham S, Yu SZ, Marshall J, Zielezny M, Chen YX, Sun M, Tang SL, Liao CS, Xu JL, Yang XZ. Trichomonas vaginalis and cervical cancer. A prospective study in China. Ann Epidemiol. 1995; 5(4):325–32.

Soper D. Trichomoniasis: under control or undercontrolled? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 190(1):281-90.

Sorvillo F, Smith L, Kerndt P, Ash L. Trichomonas vaginalis, HIV, and African-Americans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001; 7(6):927-32.

Matini M, Rezaie S, Mohebali M, Maghsood A, Rabiee S, Fallah M, Rezaeian M. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Hamadan City, Western Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2012; 7(2):67-72.

Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G. Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998; 11(2):300-17.

Robinson SC. Trichomonal vaginitis resistant to metronidazole. Can Med Assoc J. 1962; 86(14):665.

Narcisi EM, Secor WE. In vitro effect of tinidazole and furazolidone on metronidazoleresistant Trichomonas vaginalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996; 40(5):1121-5.

Bricheux G, Brucherolle G. Molecular cloning of actin genes in Trichomonas vaginalis and phylogeny inferred from actin sequences. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997; 153(1): 205–13.

Benchimol M. Trichomonads under microscopy. Microsc Microanal. 2004; 10(50: 528–50.

Crucitti T, Abdellati S, Van Dyck E, Buve A. Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008; 14(9): 844-52.

Clark CG, Diamond LS. Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002; 15(3): 329-41.

Rezaie S, Ban J, Mildner M, Poitschek C, Brna C, Tschachler E. Characterization of a cDNA clone, encoding a 70 kDa heat shock protein from the dermatophyte pathogen Trichophyton rubrum. Gene. 2000; 241(1): 27-33.

Matini M, Rezaeian M, Mohebali M, Maghsood AH, Rabiee S, Rahimi-Foroushani A, Fallah M, Miahipour A, Rezaie S. Genotyping of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates in Iran by using single stranded conformational polymorphism- PCR technique and internal transcribedspacer regions. Trop Biomed. 2012; 29(4):605-12.

Robinson MD. Manual SSCP and Heteroduplex analysis gels. In: Guide to mutation detection, Taylor, G.R. & Day, I.N.M. (editors). New Jersey: Wiley, pp.202-207; 2005.

Corpet F. Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988; 16(22): 10881-90.

Dessi D, Delogu G, Emonte E, Catania MR, Fiori PL. Rappelli P. Long-term survival and intracellular replication of Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis cells: potential role of the protozoon in transmitting bacterial infection. Infect Immun. 2005; 73(2): 1180-86.

Vanacova S, Tachezy J, Kulda J, Flegr J. Characterization of trichomonad species and strains by PCR fingerprinting. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1997; 44(6): 545-52.

Snipes LJ, Gamard PM, Narcisi EM, Beard CB, Lehmann T, Secor WE. Molecular epidemiology of metronidazole resistance in a population of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(8): 3004-9.

Kaul P, Gupta I, Sehgal R, Malla N. Trichomonas vaginalis: random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women in India. Parasitol Int. 2004; 53(3): 255-62.

Rojas L, Fraga J, Sariego I. Genetic variability between Trichomonas vaginalis isolates and correlation with clinical presentation. Infect Genetic Evol. 2004; 4(1): 53-8.

Valadkhani Z, Kazemi F, Hassan N, Aghighi Z, Esmaili I, Talebi M. Gene Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Isolates. Iran J Parasitol. 2011; 6(3):101-6.

Meade JC, Mestral J, Stiles JK, Secor WE, Finley RW, Cleary JD, Lushbaugh WB. Genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolatesn determined by EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphism of heat-shock protein 70 genes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 80(2): 245-51.

Simões-Barbosa A, Lobo TT, Xavier J, Carvalho SE, Leornadecz E. Trichomonas vaginalis: intrastrain polymorphisms within the ribosomal intergenic spacer do not correlate with clinical presentation. Exp Parasitol. 2005; 110 (2): 108-13.

Rivera WL, Ong VA, Masalunga MC. Molecular characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from the Philippines. Parasitol Res. 2009; 106(1): 105-10.

Xiao JC, Xie LF, Fang SL, Gao MY, Zhu Y, Song LY, Zhong HM,Lun ZR. Symbiosis of Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis may link metronidazole resistance in vitro. Parasitol Res. 2006; 100(1): 123-30.

Conrad M, Zubacova Z, Dunn LA, Upcroft J, Sullivan SA,Tachezy J, Carlton JM. Microsatellite polymorphism in the sexually transmitted human pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis indicates a genetically diverse parasite. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2011; 175(1): 30-8.

Crucitti T, Abdellati S, Van Dyck E, Buve. Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008; 14(9): 844-52.

Files
IssueVol 9 No 3 (2014) QRcode
SectionArticles
Keywords
Actin gene SSCP Trichomonas vaginalis
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Matini M, Rezaie S, Mohebali M, Maghsood A-H, Rabiee S, Fallah M, Rezaeian M. Genetic Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by Using the Actin Gene and Molecular Based Methods. Iran J Parasitol. 1;9(3):329-335.