Comparison of Toxoplasmosis Seroprevalence in Multi Partner, Married (Monogamous) and Virgin Iranian Women
-
Mina Shajrizadeh
,
Farid Tahvildar Biderouni
,
Mohammad Reza Sohrabi
,
Alireza Abadi
,
Seyyed Javad Seyyedtabaei
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasmosis could lead to serious outcomes during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate serologic toxoplasmosis in three groups of women according to number of sexual partners.
Methods: The frequency of anti-Toxoplasma IgG from 471 women (101 virgin girls, 240 married women and 130 multi partner women) were determined by ELISA method from referred participant to medical centers of Tehran, Iran in 2020. The results were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression tests.
Results: Prevalence of toxoplasmosis was significant with the number of sexual partner according to chi square test (P<0.001) and the highest one was observed in multi partners’ women (56.2%) and the lowest one in virgin girls (17.8%). ORs of virgin girls and multi partners’ women were 0.594 and 3.758 respectively, compared to married women. The effect of age on the frequency of anti-Toxoplasma IgG in married women was significant but it was not significant in multi partners’ women. In addition to IgG frequency in married women and multi partners’ women had no significant relationship with the number of children.
Conclusion: Having sexual activity after marriage and having multi partner in sexual activity may possibly be a novel risk factor for toxoplasmosis infection or increasing the IgG frequency.
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14. Dalimiasl A. Sero-epidemiology of Toxoplasma Infection in PregnantWomen Referred to Al Zahra Hospital in Tabriz. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 20(3): 55-62.
15. Hazrati Tappeh K, Mousavi SJ, Bouzorg Omid A, Alinejad V, Alizadeh H. Seroepidemiology and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Urmia city. The Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 26(4):296-302.
16. ManouchehriNaeini K, Mortazaei S, Kheiry S. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma infection of women in child-bearing ages in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyari province, Iran. Hormozgan Medical Journal. 2014; 17(6):505-14.
17. Hoseini SA, Dehgani N, Sharif M, et al. Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 24(114):146-50.
18. Kalantari N, Ghaffari S, Bayani M, et al. Serological study of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Babol, northern Iran 2012-2013. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 22(4):102-8.
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21. Norouzi LY, Sarkari B, Asgari Q, Khabisi SA. Molecular evaluation and seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Fars province, Southern Iran. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2017; 7:16-19.
22. Cong W, Dong XY, Meng QF, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: a seroprevalence and case-control study in Eastern China. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 170278.
23. Maraghi S, YadYad M, Sheikhi M, LatifiS M. Frequency of Anti-Toxoplasma Antibodies in Midwifery and Nursing Students of Abadan Islamic AzadUniversity Students in 2011. Armaghane Danesh. 2013; 18(4):327-36.
24. Modrek MJ, Hasanzadeh R, Azizi H, Hatam-Nahavandi K. Seroprevalence Study of Toxoplasmosis in Female Students in Zahedan, South East of Iran. Iran J Public Health, 2019; 48(5): 988-990.
25. Mahmoudi M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H, Alavi-naeini A, Izadi S, Hejazi H. Seroepidemiological study on toxoplasmic infection among high-school girls by IFAT in Esfahan city, Iran. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2005; 3(1): 29-42.
26. Amirkhani A, Aghighi Z. Seroepidemiology and Risk Factors of toxoplasmosis in High School Girls of Ilam in the Year 2012. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 4(3):301-10.
27. Mohammadi A, Shojaee S, Salimi M, Zareei M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H. Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Women Referred to Arak Marriage Consulting Center during 2012-2013. Iran J Public Health. 2015; 44(5): 654-658.
28. Bitaraf HR, Arab-Mazar Z, Ghanimatdan M, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in military personnel and their families referred to the military hospital in Tehran, Iran. Novelty in Biomedicine. 2017; 5(4):152-7.
29. Ilana B Addis, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Christina L, et al. Sexual activity and function in middle-aged and older women. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(4):755-64.
30. Sharif M, Daryani A, Ebrahimnejad Z, et al. Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM among individuals who were referred to medical laboratories in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. J Infect Public Health. 2016; 9(1):75-80.
31. Bittencourt L, Lopes-Mori F, Mitsuka-Breganó R, et al. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women since the implementation of the Surveillance Program of Toxoplasmosis Acquired in Pregnancy and Congenital in the western region of Paraná, Brazil. Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia: Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2012; 34(2):63-8.
2. Markell & Voge. Medical Parasitology. Copyright 2006,Elsevier inc.
3. Mostafavi SN, Jalali Monfared L. Toxoplasmosis Epidemiology in Iran: A Systematic Review. Jurnal of Isfahan Medical School. 2012; 30 (176): 74-88.
4. Jones JL, Dubey J. Foodborne toxoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(6):845-51.
5. Alvarado-Esquivel C, Estrada-Martínez S, Pizarro-Villalobos H, Arce-Quiñones M, Liesenfeld O, Dubey J. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in general population in a northern Mexican city. J Parasite. 2011; 97(1):40-3.
6. Khan A, Su C, German M, Storch G, Clifford D, Sibley LD. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from immunocompromised patients reveals high prevalence of type I strains. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(12):5881-7.
7. Santana LR, GAM Gaspar, RC Pinto, VMR De Oliveira, GP Da Costa, AJ. Evidence of sexual transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in goats. Small Ruminant Research. 2013; 15(1-3):130-3.
8. Lopes WDZ, Rodriguez JDA, Souza FA, et al. Sexual transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 195(1-2):47-56.
9. Consalter A, Silva AF, Frazão-Teixeira E, et al. Toxoplasma gondii transmission by artificial insemination in sheep with experimentally contaminated frozen semen. Theriogenology. 2017; 90:169-74.
10. Flegr J, Klapilová K, Kaňková Š. Toxoplasmosis can be a sexually transmitted infection with serious clinical consequences. Not all routes of infection are created equal. Med Hypotheses. 2014; 83(3):286-9.
11. Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sánchez-Anguiano LF, Hernández-Tinoco J, et al. High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in female sex workers: a case-control study. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2015; 45(4):285-92.
12. Montoya JG. Laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis. 2002; 15:185 Suppl 1:S73-82.
13. Sensini A. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy: opportunities and pitfalls of serological diagnosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 12(6):504-12.
14. Dalimiasl A. Sero-epidemiology of Toxoplasma Infection in PregnantWomen Referred to Al Zahra Hospital in Tabriz. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 20(3): 55-62.
15. Hazrati Tappeh K, Mousavi SJ, Bouzorg Omid A, Alinejad V, Alizadeh H. Seroepidemiology and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Urmia city. The Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 26(4):296-302.
16. ManouchehriNaeini K, Mortazaei S, Kheiry S. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma infection of women in child-bearing ages in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyari province, Iran. Hormozgan Medical Journal. 2014; 17(6):505-14.
17. Hoseini SA, Dehgani N, Sharif M, et al. Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 24(114):146-50.
18. Kalantari N, Ghaffari S, Bayani M, et al. Serological study of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Babol, northern Iran 2012-2013. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 22(4):102-8.
19. Abdi J, Shojaee S, Mirzaee A, Keshavarz H. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women in Ilam Province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2008; 3(2): 34-37.
20. Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Wilson M, McQuillan G, Navin T, McAuley JB. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: seroprevalence and risk factors. Am J Idemiol. 2001; 15.154(4):357-65.
21. Norouzi LY, Sarkari B, Asgari Q, Khabisi SA. Molecular evaluation and seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Fars province, Southern Iran. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2017; 7:16-19.
22. Cong W, Dong XY, Meng QF, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: a seroprevalence and case-control study in Eastern China. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 170278.
23. Maraghi S, YadYad M, Sheikhi M, LatifiS M. Frequency of Anti-Toxoplasma Antibodies in Midwifery and Nursing Students of Abadan Islamic AzadUniversity Students in 2011. Armaghane Danesh. 2013; 18(4):327-36.
24. Modrek MJ, Hasanzadeh R, Azizi H, Hatam-Nahavandi K. Seroprevalence Study of Toxoplasmosis in Female Students in Zahedan, South East of Iran. Iran J Public Health, 2019; 48(5): 988-990.
25. Mahmoudi M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H, Alavi-naeini A, Izadi S, Hejazi H. Seroepidemiological study on toxoplasmic infection among high-school girls by IFAT in Esfahan city, Iran. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2005; 3(1): 29-42.
26. Amirkhani A, Aghighi Z. Seroepidemiology and Risk Factors of toxoplasmosis in High School Girls of Ilam in the Year 2012. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 4(3):301-10.
27. Mohammadi A, Shojaee S, Salimi M, Zareei M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H. Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Women Referred to Arak Marriage Consulting Center during 2012-2013. Iran J Public Health. 2015; 44(5): 654-658.
28. Bitaraf HR, Arab-Mazar Z, Ghanimatdan M, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in military personnel and their families referred to the military hospital in Tehran, Iran. Novelty in Biomedicine. 2017; 5(4):152-7.
29. Ilana B Addis, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Christina L, et al. Sexual activity and function in middle-aged and older women. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(4):755-64.
30. Sharif M, Daryani A, Ebrahimnejad Z, et al. Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM among individuals who were referred to medical laboratories in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. J Infect Public Health. 2016; 9(1):75-80.
31. Bittencourt L, Lopes-Mori F, Mitsuka-Breganó R, et al. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women since the implementation of the Surveillance Program of Toxoplasmosis Acquired in Pregnancy and Congenital in the western region of Paraná, Brazil. Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia: Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2012; 34(2):63-8.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18 No 4 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v18i4.14256 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Toxoplasmosis Seroprevalence Sexual activity | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Shajrizadeh M, Tahvildar Biderouni F, Sohrabi MR, Abadi A, Seyyedtabaei SJ. Comparison of Toxoplasmosis Seroprevalence in Multi Partner, Married (Monogamous) and Virgin Iranian Women. Iran J Parasitol. 2023;18(4):474-482.
