Preliminary Survey of Larval Trematodes in Freshwater Snails of Phitsanulok Province in Lower Northern Thailand
-
Jiranun Ardpairin
,
Abdulhakam Dumidae
,
Chanakan Subkrasae
,
Saengchai Nateeworanart
,
Aunchalee Thanwisai
,
Apichat Vitta
Abstract
Background: Freshwater snails serve as intermediate hosts for a variety of trematodes that cause illness in the human and animal populations. Several species of freshwater snails in Thailand have been found to have larval trematode infections. We aimed to investigate a freshwater snail in Phitsanulok Province and report on its current status of larval trematode infection.
Methods: Freshwater snails were collected from six localities (rice field and irrigation canal) by handpicking and using a count per unit of time sampling approach. The snails were identified by their external shell morphology. The shedding method was applied to observe the cercariae, which were photographed under a light microscope to determine their morphological types.
Results: A total of 211 snails were classified into seven genera. The most abundant snail species was Lymnaea sp., representing 31.3% of the sample, followed by Physella sp., Bithynia sp., Pomacea canaliculata, Filopaludina martensi, Indoplanorbis exustus, and Melanoides tuberculata, in that order. From the sample, 21 snails (9.95%), including Bithynia sp., Lymnaea sp., I. exustus, and M. tuberculata, were infected with cercarial trematodes, which could be categorized into four types, namely amphistome, parapleurolophocercous, echinostome, and xiphidiocercaria. Amphistome emerged from Bithynia sp., and I. exustus was the most common cercaria to be recovered, representing 80.9% of all infected snails.
Conclusion: This study presents the current prevalence of cercariae in infected snails within the studied area. It is important to manage intermediate host snails in order to restrict trematode life cycle completion.
1. Andrews RH, Sithithaworn P, Petney TN. Opisthorchis viverrini: an underestimated par-asite in world health. Trends Parasitol. 2008;24(11):497-501.
2. Elsheikha HM, Elshazly AM. Host-dependent variations in the seasonal prevalence and intensity of heterophyid encysted metacercariae (Digenea: Hetero-phyidea) in brackish water fish in Egypt. Veterinary Parasitology. 2008;153:65-72.
3. Skála V, Bulantová J, Walker AJ, et al . In-sights into the development of Notocotylus attenuatus (Digenea: Notocotylidae) in Lymnaea stagnalis: from mother sporocyst to cercariae. Parasitol Int. 2014;63(1):94-9.
4. Tesana S, Srisawangwong T, Sithithaworn P, et al. Angiostrongylus cantonensis: experi-mental study on the susceptibility of apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata compared to Pila polita. Exp Parasitol. 2008;118(4):531-5.
5. Burch JB, Lohachit C. Snail of medical importance in Thailand. Walkerana (Ann Arbor Mich); 1983. p.395-398.
6. Woodruff DS, Upatham ES. Snail trans-mitted diseases of medical and veterinary importance in Thailand and the Mekong valley. J Med Appl Malacol. 1993;4:1-12.
7. Sri-Aroon P. Freshwater snails of medical importance in Thailand. Thailand: Mollusk Museum, Applied Malacology Center, De-partment of Social and Environmental Medicine, Mahidol University. 2011, p. 6-8.
8. Chantima K, Suk-Ueng K, Kampan M. Freshwater snail diversity in Mae Lao agri-cultural basin (Chiang Rai, Thailand) with a focus on larval trematode infections. Ko-rean J Parasitol. 2018;56(3):247-257.
9. Sithithaworn P, Haswell-Elkins M. Epide-miology of Opisthorchis viverrini. Acta Trop. 2003;88(3):187-94.
10. Boonchot K, Wongsawad C. A survey of helminths in cyprinoid fish from the Mae Ngad Somboonchon Reservoir, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005;36(1):103-7.
11. Chontananarth T, Wongsawad C. Epide-miology of cercarial stage of trematodes in freshwater snails from Chiang Mai prov-ince, Thailand. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(3):237-43.
12. Chai JY, Sohn WM, Na BK, et al. Echinos-toma revolutum: metacercariae in Filopaludina snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and adults from experimental hamsters. Korean J Parasitol. 2011;49(4):449-55.
13. Kolářová L, Horák P, Skírnisson K, et al. Cercarial dermatitis, a neglected allergic disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013;45(1):63-74.
14. Nak-ai W (2020). The prevalence of hel-minthes infection among host and inter-mediate hosts at Mae-soi water gate pro-ject, Lampoon province year 2016-17. jdpc7kk. 2020;27:22-37.
15. Wiroonpan P, Chontananarth T, Puriviro-jkul W. Cercarial trematodes in freshwater snails from Bangkok, Thailand: prevalence, morphological and molecular studies and human parasite perspective. Parasitology. 2021;148(3):366-383.
16. Bunchom N, Pilap W, Suksavate, et al. Trematode infection in freshwater snails from Maha Sarakham province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2020;50(4).518-527.
17. Oliver L, Schneiderman M. A method for estimating the density of aquatic snail pop-ulations. Exp Parasitol. 1956;5(2):109-17.
18. Brandt RAM. The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Arch Mollusken; 1974. P. 1-423.
19. Kaewkes S, Kaewkes W, Boonmars T, et al. Effect of light intensity on Opisthorchis vi-verrini cercarial shedding levels from Bithyn-ia snails-a preliminary study. Parasitol Int. 2012;61(1):46-8.
20. Sripa J, Kiatsopit N, Piratae S. Prevalence of trematode larvae in intermediate hosts: snails and fish in Ko Ae sub-district of Khueang Nai, Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2016;47(3):399-409.
21. Schell SC. Parasitology Laboratory Manual. Wiley. New York, USA; 1963.
22. Yamaguti S. A Synoptical Review of Life Histories of Digenetic Trematodes of Ver-tebrates. Tokyo, Japan; 1975. p.1-590.
23. Ito J. Studies on Cercariae in Japan. Shizu-oka University. Shizuoka, Japan; 1980.
24. Mard-arhin N, Prawang T, Wongsawad C. Helminths of freshwater animals from five provinces in northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2001;32(2):206-9.
25. Ngern-klun R, Sukontason KL, Tesana S, et al. Field investigation of Bithynia funiculata, intermediate host of Opisthorchis viverrini in northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2006;37(4):662-72.
26. Haruay S, Piratae S. Situation and cercarial infection of freshwater mollusk from Sirindhorn Reservoir, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Iran J Parasitol. 2019;14(3):421-429
27. Jayawardena UA, Rajakaruna R, Amer-asinghe P. Cercariae of trematodes in freshwater snails in three climatic zones in Sri Lanka. Cey J Sci (Bio. Sci.). 2011; 39(2):95-108.
28. Devkota, R, Budha PB, Gupta R. Trema-tode cercariae infections in freshwater snails of Chitwan district, central Nepal. Himalayan J H Sci. 2011;7(9):9–14.
29. Kalat-Meimari M, Shamseddin J, Salahi-Moghaddam A. Ecological and Parasito-logical Study on Cerithidea cingulata (Gas-tropoda) in Hormoz Strait Littoral, South of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2018;13(2):285-292.
30. Chingwena G, Mukaratirwa S, Kristensen TK, et al. Larval trematode infections in freshwater snails from the Highveld and Lowveld areas of Zimbabwe. J Helmin-thol. 2002;76(4):283-93.
31. Upatham ES, Sornmani S, Kitikoon V, et al. Identification key for the fresh-and brackish-water snails of Thailand. Malacol Rev. 1983;16:107-13.
32. Nithiuthai S, Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, et al. A survey of trematode cercariae in Bi-thynia goniomphalos in northeast Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002;33:106-9.
33. Dung BT, Madsen H, The DT. Distribu-tion of freshwater snails in family-based VAC ponds and associated water bodies with special reference to intermediate hosts of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. Acta Trop. 2010;116:15-23.
34. Malek EA and TC Cheng. Medical and economic malacology. Academic press, New York; 1974.
35. Phiri AM, Phiri IK, Monrad J. Prevalence of amphistomiasis and its association with Fasciola gigantica infections in Zambian cat-tle from communal grazing areas. J Hel-minthol. 2006;80(1):65-8.
36. Brinesh R, Janardanan KP. Three new species of xiphidiocercariae from the thair-id snail Thaira tuberculata in Palakkad, India. J Parasit Dis. 2011; 35(1):42-9.
37. Bdir S, Adwan G. Three new species of cercariae from Melanopsis praemorsa (L. 1758, Buccinum) snails in Al-Bathan fresh water body, Palestine. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2012; S1064-S1069.
38. Chontananarth T, Wongsawad C. The pleurophocercous cercariae infection in snail Family Thiaridae Grey, 1847 North-ern, Thailand. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2017;7:205-210.
39. Wivitchuta D, Glaubrecht M, Krailas D. Natural Trematode Infections of Freshwa-ter Snail Melanoides jugicostis Hanley & Theo-bald, 1876 (Family Thiaridae), the First In-termediate Host of Animal and Human Parasites in Thailand. Silpakorn U Science & Tech J. 2017;11:9-16.
40. Chontananarth T, Wongsawad C. Haplor-chis taichui infection of the freshwater snails and molecular identification. Trends Res Sci Tec. 2010;2:7-12.
41. Chuboon S, Wongsawad C. Molecular identification of larval trematode in inter-mediate hosts from Chiang Mai, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2009; 40:1216-20.
42. Yousif F, Lbrahim A, Bardicy SE, et al. Morphology of new eleven cercariae pro-cured from Melanoides tuberculata snails in Egypt. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2010;4(4):1482-1494.
43. Dechruksa W, Krailas D, Ukong S, et al. Trematode infections of the freshwater snail family Thiaridae in the Khek River, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007;38(6):1016-28.
44. Krailas D, Namchote S, Rattanathai P. Human intestinal flukes Haplorchris taichui and Haplorchris pumilio in their intermediate hosts, freshwater snails of the families Thiaridae and Pachychilidae, in Southern Thailand. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 2011;87:349-360
45. Krailas D, Namchote S, Koonchornboon T, et al. Trematodes obtained from the thiarid freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) as vector of human infec-tions in Thailand. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 2014;90:57-86
46. Fernández MV, Hamann MI, Ostrowski-de Núñez M. Echinostome cercariae from Biomphalaria straminea (Mollusca: Planor-bidae) in a rice field from northeastern Ar-gentina. Rev Mex Bio divers. 2014;85:1024-31.
47. Anucherngchai S, Tejangkura T, Chon-tananarth T. Epidemiological situation and molecular identification of cercarial stage in freshwater snails in Chao-Phraya Basin, Central Thailand. Asian Pacific J Trop Bi-omed. 2016;6:539-545.
48. Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C. Echi-nostomes: systematics and life cycles. In: Toledo RM, Fried B (eds.) The Biology of Echinostomes: From the Molecule to the Community. New York, USA. Spring er; 2009. p.1-34.
2. Elsheikha HM, Elshazly AM. Host-dependent variations in the seasonal prevalence and intensity of heterophyid encysted metacercariae (Digenea: Hetero-phyidea) in brackish water fish in Egypt. Veterinary Parasitology. 2008;153:65-72.
3. Skála V, Bulantová J, Walker AJ, et al . In-sights into the development of Notocotylus attenuatus (Digenea: Notocotylidae) in Lymnaea stagnalis: from mother sporocyst to cercariae. Parasitol Int. 2014;63(1):94-9.
4. Tesana S, Srisawangwong T, Sithithaworn P, et al. Angiostrongylus cantonensis: experi-mental study on the susceptibility of apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata compared to Pila polita. Exp Parasitol. 2008;118(4):531-5.
5. Burch JB, Lohachit C. Snail of medical importance in Thailand. Walkerana (Ann Arbor Mich); 1983. p.395-398.
6. Woodruff DS, Upatham ES. Snail trans-mitted diseases of medical and veterinary importance in Thailand and the Mekong valley. J Med Appl Malacol. 1993;4:1-12.
7. Sri-Aroon P. Freshwater snails of medical importance in Thailand. Thailand: Mollusk Museum, Applied Malacology Center, De-partment of Social and Environmental Medicine, Mahidol University. 2011, p. 6-8.
8. Chantima K, Suk-Ueng K, Kampan M. Freshwater snail diversity in Mae Lao agri-cultural basin (Chiang Rai, Thailand) with a focus on larval trematode infections. Ko-rean J Parasitol. 2018;56(3):247-257.
9. Sithithaworn P, Haswell-Elkins M. Epide-miology of Opisthorchis viverrini. Acta Trop. 2003;88(3):187-94.
10. Boonchot K, Wongsawad C. A survey of helminths in cyprinoid fish from the Mae Ngad Somboonchon Reservoir, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005;36(1):103-7.
11. Chontananarth T, Wongsawad C. Epide-miology of cercarial stage of trematodes in freshwater snails from Chiang Mai prov-ince, Thailand. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(3):237-43.
12. Chai JY, Sohn WM, Na BK, et al. Echinos-toma revolutum: metacercariae in Filopaludina snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and adults from experimental hamsters. Korean J Parasitol. 2011;49(4):449-55.
13. Kolářová L, Horák P, Skírnisson K, et al. Cercarial dermatitis, a neglected allergic disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013;45(1):63-74.
14. Nak-ai W (2020). The prevalence of hel-minthes infection among host and inter-mediate hosts at Mae-soi water gate pro-ject, Lampoon province year 2016-17. jdpc7kk. 2020;27:22-37.
15. Wiroonpan P, Chontananarth T, Puriviro-jkul W. Cercarial trematodes in freshwater snails from Bangkok, Thailand: prevalence, morphological and molecular studies and human parasite perspective. Parasitology. 2021;148(3):366-383.
16. Bunchom N, Pilap W, Suksavate, et al. Trematode infection in freshwater snails from Maha Sarakham province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2020;50(4).518-527.
17. Oliver L, Schneiderman M. A method for estimating the density of aquatic snail pop-ulations. Exp Parasitol. 1956;5(2):109-17.
18. Brandt RAM. The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Arch Mollusken; 1974. P. 1-423.
19. Kaewkes S, Kaewkes W, Boonmars T, et al. Effect of light intensity on Opisthorchis vi-verrini cercarial shedding levels from Bithyn-ia snails-a preliminary study. Parasitol Int. 2012;61(1):46-8.
20. Sripa J, Kiatsopit N, Piratae S. Prevalence of trematode larvae in intermediate hosts: snails and fish in Ko Ae sub-district of Khueang Nai, Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2016;47(3):399-409.
21. Schell SC. Parasitology Laboratory Manual. Wiley. New York, USA; 1963.
22. Yamaguti S. A Synoptical Review of Life Histories of Digenetic Trematodes of Ver-tebrates. Tokyo, Japan; 1975. p.1-590.
23. Ito J. Studies on Cercariae in Japan. Shizu-oka University. Shizuoka, Japan; 1980.
24. Mard-arhin N, Prawang T, Wongsawad C. Helminths of freshwater animals from five provinces in northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2001;32(2):206-9.
25. Ngern-klun R, Sukontason KL, Tesana S, et al. Field investigation of Bithynia funiculata, intermediate host of Opisthorchis viverrini in northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2006;37(4):662-72.
26. Haruay S, Piratae S. Situation and cercarial infection of freshwater mollusk from Sirindhorn Reservoir, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Iran J Parasitol. 2019;14(3):421-429
27. Jayawardena UA, Rajakaruna R, Amer-asinghe P. Cercariae of trematodes in freshwater snails in three climatic zones in Sri Lanka. Cey J Sci (Bio. Sci.). 2011; 39(2):95-108.
28. Devkota, R, Budha PB, Gupta R. Trema-tode cercariae infections in freshwater snails of Chitwan district, central Nepal. Himalayan J H Sci. 2011;7(9):9–14.
29. Kalat-Meimari M, Shamseddin J, Salahi-Moghaddam A. Ecological and Parasito-logical Study on Cerithidea cingulata (Gas-tropoda) in Hormoz Strait Littoral, South of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2018;13(2):285-292.
30. Chingwena G, Mukaratirwa S, Kristensen TK, et al. Larval trematode infections in freshwater snails from the Highveld and Lowveld areas of Zimbabwe. J Helmin-thol. 2002;76(4):283-93.
31. Upatham ES, Sornmani S, Kitikoon V, et al. Identification key for the fresh-and brackish-water snails of Thailand. Malacol Rev. 1983;16:107-13.
32. Nithiuthai S, Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, et al. A survey of trematode cercariae in Bi-thynia goniomphalos in northeast Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002;33:106-9.
33. Dung BT, Madsen H, The DT. Distribu-tion of freshwater snails in family-based VAC ponds and associated water bodies with special reference to intermediate hosts of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. Acta Trop. 2010;116:15-23.
34. Malek EA and TC Cheng. Medical and economic malacology. Academic press, New York; 1974.
35. Phiri AM, Phiri IK, Monrad J. Prevalence of amphistomiasis and its association with Fasciola gigantica infections in Zambian cat-tle from communal grazing areas. J Hel-minthol. 2006;80(1):65-8.
36. Brinesh R, Janardanan KP. Three new species of xiphidiocercariae from the thair-id snail Thaira tuberculata in Palakkad, India. J Parasit Dis. 2011; 35(1):42-9.
37. Bdir S, Adwan G. Three new species of cercariae from Melanopsis praemorsa (L. 1758, Buccinum) snails in Al-Bathan fresh water body, Palestine. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2012; S1064-S1069.
38. Chontananarth T, Wongsawad C. The pleurophocercous cercariae infection in snail Family Thiaridae Grey, 1847 North-ern, Thailand. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2017;7:205-210.
39. Wivitchuta D, Glaubrecht M, Krailas D. Natural Trematode Infections of Freshwa-ter Snail Melanoides jugicostis Hanley & Theo-bald, 1876 (Family Thiaridae), the First In-termediate Host of Animal and Human Parasites in Thailand. Silpakorn U Science & Tech J. 2017;11:9-16.
40. Chontananarth T, Wongsawad C. Haplor-chis taichui infection of the freshwater snails and molecular identification. Trends Res Sci Tec. 2010;2:7-12.
41. Chuboon S, Wongsawad C. Molecular identification of larval trematode in inter-mediate hosts from Chiang Mai, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2009; 40:1216-20.
42. Yousif F, Lbrahim A, Bardicy SE, et al. Morphology of new eleven cercariae pro-cured from Melanoides tuberculata snails in Egypt. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2010;4(4):1482-1494.
43. Dechruksa W, Krailas D, Ukong S, et al. Trematode infections of the freshwater snail family Thiaridae in the Khek River, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007;38(6):1016-28.
44. Krailas D, Namchote S, Rattanathai P. Human intestinal flukes Haplorchris taichui and Haplorchris pumilio in their intermediate hosts, freshwater snails of the families Thiaridae and Pachychilidae, in Southern Thailand. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 2011;87:349-360
45. Krailas D, Namchote S, Koonchornboon T, et al. Trematodes obtained from the thiarid freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) as vector of human infec-tions in Thailand. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 2014;90:57-86
46. Fernández MV, Hamann MI, Ostrowski-de Núñez M. Echinostome cercariae from Biomphalaria straminea (Mollusca: Planor-bidae) in a rice field from northeastern Ar-gentina. Rev Mex Bio divers. 2014;85:1024-31.
47. Anucherngchai S, Tejangkura T, Chon-tananarth T. Epidemiological situation and molecular identification of cercarial stage in freshwater snails in Chao-Phraya Basin, Central Thailand. Asian Pacific J Trop Bi-omed. 2016;6:539-545.
48. Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C. Echi-nostomes: systematics and life cycles. In: Toledo RM, Fried B (eds.) The Biology of Echinostomes: From the Molecule to the Community. New York, USA. Spring er; 2009. p.1-34.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 2 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v17i2.9545 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cercaria Freshwater snail Intermediate host Trematode Thailand | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ardpairin J, Dumidae A, Subkrasae C, Nateeworanart S, Thanwisai A, Vitta A. Preliminary Survey of Larval Trematodes in Freshwater Snails of Phitsanulok Province in Lower Northern Thailand. Iran J Parasitol. 2022;17(2):268-276.
