More than Seventy Years of Research (1948 –November 2021) on Toxoplasma gondii in Iran: A Narrative Review
-
Mitra Sadeghi
,
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
,
Shahabeddin Sarvi
,
Tooran Nayeri
,
Mehdi Sharif
,
Abdol Sattar Pagheh
,
Afsaneh Amouei
,
Mahbobeh Montazeri
,
Ahmad Daryani
Abstract
In this review, we intend to provide a summary of the activities of researchers in the field of Toxoplasma gondii in Iran, during the past 70 years. Most studies have been limited to epidemiological studies (mostly using ELISA and IFA methods). Designing a standard and reliable method using the specific antigens of this parasite is essential. So far, studies in the field of drug effects have not been able to introduce an effective drug with few side effects. Various types of vaccines have been developed, such as recombinant and DNA vaccines. However, none of them had a good efficacy. The use of multi-epitope vaccines as potential vaccines against toxoplasmosis is recommended. At present, limited studies have been conducted on the patterns of transmission and genetic diversity of isolated isolates in Iran. Future research to determine the genotype of T. gondii could play an important role in the study of population structure, and biological characteristics of this parasite. It is hoped that the results of this study will help control, prevent, and reduce the burden of disease caused by this parasite.
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2. Jamalian R, Yalda A, Nassirzadeh MH. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis with adenopathy by isolation of pathogenic strains (first report in Iran with introducing two patients ). Journal of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 1974;4(3):39.
3. Daryani A, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop. 2014;137:185-94.
4. Foroutan-Rad M, Khademvatan S, Majidi-ani H, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian pregnant women: a sys-tematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop. 2016;158:160-9.
5. Sarvi S, Chegeni TN, Sharif M, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis among Iranian neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Health. 2019;41: e2019021.
6. Mansouri A, Mojarad MRA, Badfar G, et al. Epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii among blood donors in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transfus Apher Sci. 2017;56(3):404-9.
7. Ahmadpour E, Daryani A, Sharif M, et al. Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(12):1503-10.
8. Mizani A, Ahmadpour E, Daryani A, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection among sheep and goats in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Res. 2015;114:1-16.
9. Sarvi S, Daryani A, Rahimi MT, et al. Cattle toxoplasmosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta–analysis. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015;8(2):120-6.
10. Rahimi MT, Daryani A, Sarvi S, et al. Cats and Toxoplasma gondii: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2015;82(1):1-10.
11. Shokri A, Sharif M, Teshnizi SH, et al. Birds and poultries toxoplasmosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2017;10(7):635-42.
12. Fallah E, Hajizadeh M, Farajnia S, et al. SAG2 locus genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in meat products of East Azerbaijan Prov-ince, North West of Iran During 2010-2011 Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10(62):13631-5.
13. Mahami-Oskouei M, Moradi M, Fallah E, et al. Molecular detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in chicken, beef, and lamb meat consumed in northwestern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2017;12(1):38-45.
14. Gharekhani J, Yakhchali M, Afshari A, et al. Herd-level contamination of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella in milk of Iranian dairy farms. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 2013;10(2):120-5.
15. Razmi G, Barati M. Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in bulk milk of dairy cattle, Mashhad, Iran. Arch Razi Inst. 2017;72(4):265-9.
16. Khademi SZ, Ghaffarifar F, Dalimi A, et al. Molecular detection and genotype identification of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic and industrial eggs. J Food Saf. 2018;38(6):e12534.
17. Tavalla M, Oormazdi H, Akhlaghi L, et al. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from soil samples in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2013;8(2):227-233.
18. Saki J, Khademvatan S, Yousefi E, et al. Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from soil in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. J Parasit Dis. 2017;41(1):202-5.
19. Solyemane H, Eslamirad Z, Bayat M. De-tection of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocysts in Soil of Urban Parks, Based on Molecular and Staining Techniques (Arak, Iran). Iran J Public Health. 2014;43(2):299.
20. Mahmoudi MR, Kazemi B, Haghighi A, et al. Detection of Acanthamoeba and Toxo-plasma in River Water Samples by Molecular Methods in Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2015;10(2):250-7.
21. Haghparast-Kenari B, Sarvi S, Sharif M, et al. Isolation and genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii based on GRA6 gene from environmental soil samples in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2020;15(2):158-167.
22. Moghazy E, Kandil F, Shaapan R. Toxoplasma gondii: comparison of some serological tests for antibody detection in sera of naturally infected pigs. World J Zool. 2011;6:204-8.
23. Mamaghani AJ, Tabaei SJS, Ranjbar MM, et al. Designing diagnostic kit for Toxoplasma gondii based on GRA7, SAG1, and ROP1 Antigens: An in silico strategy. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2020:1-15.
24. Golkar M, Rafati S, Abdel-Latif MS, et al. The dense granule protein GRA2, a new marker for the serodiagnosis of acute Toxoplasma infection: comparison of sera collected in both France and Iran from pregnant women. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;58(4):419-26.
25. Golkar M, Azadmanesh K, Khalili G, et al. Serodiagnosis of recently acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with a recombinant dense granule GRA6 protein. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;61(1):31-9.
26. Hosseininejad M, Azizi H, Hosseini F, et al. Development of an indirect ELISA test using a purified tachyzoite surface antigen SAG1 for sero-diagnosis of canine Toxoplasma gondii infection. Vet Parasitol. 2009;164(2-4):315-9.
27. Abdollahi SH, Arababadi MK, Hassanshahi G. Evaluation of excreted/secreted antigens derived from peritoneal of Toxoplasma infected small mice to detect IgG against Toxoplasma. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009;12(6):530.
28. Jalallou N, Bandepour M, Khazan H, et al. Recombinant SAG1 antigen to detect Tox-oplasma gondii specific immunoglobulin G in human sera by ELISA test. Iran J Parasitol. 2010;5(2):1-9.
29. Elyasi H, Babaie J, Fricker-Hidalgo H, et al. Use of dense granule antigen GRA6 in an immunoglobulin G avidity test to exclude acute Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010;17(9):1349-55.
30. Hosseininejad M. Evaluation of an indirect ELISA using a tachyzoite surface antigen SAG1 for diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats. Exp Parasitol. 2012;132(4):556-60.
31. Selseleh M, Keshavarz H, Mohebali M, et al. Production and evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii recombinant GRA7 for serodiagnosis of human infections. Korean J Parasitol. 2012;50(3):233-8.
32. Selseleh MM, Keshavarz H, Mohebali M, et al. Production and evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii recombinant surface antigen 1 (SAG1) for serodiagnosis of acute and chronic Toxoplasma infection in human sera. Iran J Parasitol. 2012;7(3):1-9.
33. Jalallou N, Bandehpour M, Khazan H, et al. Evaluation of recombinant sag1 protein for detection of Toxoplasma gondii specific immunoglobulin M by ELISA test. Iran J Parasitol. 2012;7(4):17-21.
34. Khanaliha K, Motazedian MH, Kazemi B, et al. Evaluation of recombinant SAG1, SAG2, and SAG3 antigens for serodiagno-sis of toxoplasmosis. Korean J Parasitol. 2014;52(2):137-142.
35. Allahyari M, Mohabati R, Babaie J, et al. Production of in-vitro refolded and highly antigenic SAG1 for development of a sen-sitive and specific Toxoplasma IgG ELISA. J Immunol Methods. 2015;416:157-66.
36. keshavarzi F. Evaluation of the efficacy of recombinant ROP1 antigen in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. J Shaheed Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2015;23:2083-95.
37. Arab-Mazar Z, Fallahi S, Koochaki A, et al. Immunodiagnosis and molecular validation of Toxoplasma gondii-recombinant dense granular (GRA) 7 protein for the detection of toxoplasmosis in patients with cancer. Microbiol Res. 2016;183:53-9.
38. Lashkari A, Golkar M, Sohrabi N, et al. Development of ELISA avidity test using recombinant GRA 8 protein to distinguish acute from chronic toxoplasmosis infection. Tehran Payame Noor University, East center Master of Sciences thesis. 2016
39. Marashiyan SM, Moradian F, Saadatnia G, et al. Evaluation of recombinant SRS3 antigen for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Arch Clin Infect Dis.2017;12(1): e35612.
40. Mirzadeh A, Saadatnia G, Golkar M, et al. Production of refolded Toxoplasma gondii recombinant SAG1-related sequence 3 (SRS3) and its use for serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. Protein Expr Purif. 2017;133:66-74.
41. Morovati H, Seyyed Tabaei S, Gholamzad M, et al. Development of a lateral flow immunoassay using recombinant dense granular antigen (GRA) 7 to detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies. Arch Razi Inst. 2019;74(1):39-49.
42. Teimouri A, Modarressi MH, Shojaee S, et al. Development, optimization, and validation of an in-house Dot-ELISA rapid test based on SAG1 and GRA7 proteins for serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii infections. Infection and drug resistance. Infect Drug Resist .2019;12:2657.
43. Sharif M, Amouei A, Sarvi S, et al. Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from ruminants: a systematic review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2017;258:38-49.
44. Hosseini SA, Sharif M, Sarvi S, et al. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian HIV positive patients using multilocus nested-PCR-RFLP method. Parasitology. 2019;147(3):322-8.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 2 (2022) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v17i2.9528 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Review Toxoplasma gondii Iran | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Sadeghi M, Hosseini SA, Sarvi S, Nayeri T, Sharif M, Pagheh AS, Amouei A, Montazeri M, Daryani A. More than Seventy Years of Research (1948 –November 2021) on Toxoplasma gondii in Iran: A Narrative Review. Iran J Parasitol. 2022;17(2):124-137.
