Serum Levels of Il-12 and Il-23 in Breast Cancer Patients Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: A Case-Control Study
,
Abstract
Background: The possible risk factor of Toxoplasma infection and its possible correlation with Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and Interleukin-23 (IL-23) in breast cancer patients was investigated.
Methods: Overall, 190 female patients referred to the Oncology Teaching Hospital in the Medical City Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq were enrolled from 2017-2018. All serum samples were tested for T. gondii immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM (antibodies and IL-12, IL-23 levels.
Results: In patients with breast cancer, the results revealed a high positivity percentage for anti- Toxoplasma IgG. In breast cancer patients infected with T. gondii, the IL-12 level was lower than the controls while the mean level of IL-23 was higher than the controls. According to the cancer grade in breast cancer patients infected with T. gondii, the higher mean titer of IgG and IL-23 was in grade 3 in contrast the highest mean titer of IL-12 was in grade 1. Concerning the tumor stages in breast cancer patients infected with T. gondii, the higher mean titer of IgG, IL-12 and IL-23 was in stage (III). According to the tumor size in breast cancer patients infected with T. gondii, the highest mean titer of IgG, IL-12 and IL-23 was in size >3cm.
Conclusion: The levels of IL-23 could be a candidate as a non-invasive primitive marker for earlier prediction of breast cancer stage.
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18. Kozłowski L, Zakrzewska I, Tokajuk P, et al. Concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in blood serum of breast cancer patients. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2003;48:82-4.
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24. Kalantari N, Ghaffari S, Bayani M, et al. Preliminary study on association between toxoplasmosis and breast cancer in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(1):44-7.
25. Maraghi S, Saki J, Pedram M. Determination of antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in patients with cancer. Iran J Parasitol. 2007;2(4):1-6.
26. Daryani A, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta tropica. 2014;137:185-94.
27. Imam A, Al-Anzi FG, Al-Ghasham MA, et al. Serologic evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among cancer patients. A prospective study from Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(3):319-321.
28. Ahmed DF, Saheb EJ. The Association of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Clin Oncol Canser Res . 2017;2(4):86-92.
29. Khabaz MN, Elkhateeb L, Al-Alami J. Reactivation of latent Toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised cancer patients. Comp Clin Pathol. 2011;20(2):183-6.
30. Molan A-L, Rasheed EH. Study the possible link between toxoplasmosis and different kinds of cancer in Iraq. Am J Life Sci Res. 2016;4(3):83-8.
31. Yan J, Smyth MJ, Teng MW. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 and Their Conflicting Roles in Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;10(7):a028530.
32. Youssef SS, Mohammad MM, Ezz-El-Arab LR. Clinical significance of serum IL-12 level in patients with early breast carcinoma and its correlation with other tumor markers. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2015;3(4):640-4.
33. Murakami S, Okubo K, Tsuji Y, et al. Serum interleukin-12 levels in patients with gastric cancer. Surg Today. 2004;34(12):1014-9.
34. Hussein MZ, Al AF, Abdel IB, et al. Serum IL-6 and IL-12 levels in breast cancer patients. Egypt J Immunol. 2004;11(2):165-70.
35. Chavey C, Bibeau F, Gourgou-Bourgade S, et al. Oestrogen receptor negative breast cancers exhibit high cytokine content. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(1):R15.
36. Langowski JL, Zhang X, Wu L, et al. IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth. Nature. 2006;442(7101):461-5.
37. Stanilov N, Miteva L, Jovchev J, et al. The prognostic value of preoperative serum levels of IL‐12p40 and IL‐23 for survival of patients with colorectal cancer. APMIS. 2014;122(12):1223-9.
38. Jafarzadeh A, Minaee K, Farsinejad A-R, et al. Evaluation of the circulating levels of IL-12 and IL-33 in patients with breast cancer: influences of the tumor stages and cytokine gene polymorphisms. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2015;18(12):1189-98.
39. Lasek W, Zagożdżon R, Jakobisiak M. Interleukin 12: still a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy?. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2014;63(5):419-35.
40. Yuzhalin AE, Kutikhin AG. Interleukin-12: clinical usage and molecular markers of cancer susceptibility. Growth Factors. 2012;30(3):176-91.
41. Urosevic M, Dummer R. HLA-G and IL-10 expression in human cancer—different stories with the same message. Semin Cancer Biol. 2003;13(5):337-42.
42. Bernstein ED, Murasko DM. Effect of age on cytokine production in humans. Age (Omaha). 1998;21(4):137-51.
43. Rao V, Dyer C, Jameel J, et al. Potential prognostic and therapeutic roles for cytokines in breast cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 2006;15(1):179-85.
2. Dupont CD, Christian DA, Hunter CA. Immune response and immunopathology during toxoplasmosis. Semin Immunopathol. 2012;34(6):793-813.
3. Robert-Gangneux F, Dardé M-L. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(2):264-96.
4. Barratt J, Harkness J, Marriott D, et al. Importance of nonenteric protozoan infections in immunocompromised people. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010;23(4):795-836.
5. Lieberman LA, Cardillo F, Owyang AM, et al. IL-23 provides a limited mechanism of resistance to acute toxoplasmosis in the absence of IL-12. J Immunol. 2004;173(3):1887-93.
6. Robben PM, Mordue DG, Truscott SM, et al. Production of IL-12 by macrophages infected with Toxoplasma gondii depends on the parasite genotype. J Immunol. 2004;172(6):3686-94.
7. Aldebert D, Durand F, Mercier C, et al. Toxoplasma gondii triggers secretion of interleukin-12 but low level of interleukin-10 from the THP-1 human monocytic cell line. Cytokine. 2007;37(3):206-11.
8. Balkwill F, Charles KA, Mantovani A. Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer cell. 2005;7(3):211-7.
9. Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002;420(6917):860-7.
10. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359-86.
11. WHO (2015). Media Centre: Cancer-Fact Sheet No. 297. https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1657284
12. Derin D, Soydinc HO, Guney N, et al. Serum IL-8 and IL-12 levels in breast cancer. Med Oncol. 2007;24(2):163-8.
13. Nicolini A, Carpi A, Rossi G. Cytokines in breast cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2006;17(5):325-37.
14. Vignali DA, Kuchroo VK. IL-12 family cytokines: immunological playmakers. Nat Immunol. 2012;13(8):722-8.
15. Trinchieri G. Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3(2):133-46.
16. Zamarron BF, Chen W. Dual roles of immune cells and their factors in cancer development and progression. Int J Biol Sci. 2011;7(5):651-8.
17. Gangemi S, Minciullo P, Adamo B, et al. Clinical significance of circulating interleukin‐23 as a prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. J Cell Biochem. 2012;113(6):2122-5.
18. Kozłowski L, Zakrzewska I, Tokajuk P, et al. Concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in blood serum of breast cancer patients. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2003;48:82-4.
19. Masood S. Prognostic/predictive factors in breast cancer. Clin Lab Med. 2005;25(4):809-25.
20. Andreopoulou E, Hortobagyi GN. Prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer: successes and challenges toward individualized therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(22):3660-2.
21. Schwartz AM, Henson DE, Chen D, et al. Histologic grade remains a prognostic factor for breast cancer regardless of the number of positive lymph nodes and tumor size: a study of 161 708 cases of breast cancer from the SEER Program. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014;138(8):1048-52.
22. Elston CW, Ellis IO. Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long‐term follow‐up. Histopathology. 1991;19(5):403-10.
23. Pokorný J. Frü hbauer Z, Tomášková V, Krajhanzlová L, et al.[Assessment of anti-toxoplasmic IgM by the ELISA method]. Cˇesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 1990;39:57-62.
24. Kalantari N, Ghaffari S, Bayani M, et al. Preliminary study on association between toxoplasmosis and breast cancer in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(1):44-7.
25. Maraghi S, Saki J, Pedram M. Determination of antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in patients with cancer. Iran J Parasitol. 2007;2(4):1-6.
26. Daryani A, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta tropica. 2014;137:185-94.
27. Imam A, Al-Anzi FG, Al-Ghasham MA, et al. Serologic evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among cancer patients. A prospective study from Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(3):319-321.
28. Ahmed DF, Saheb EJ. The Association of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Clin Oncol Canser Res . 2017;2(4):86-92.
29. Khabaz MN, Elkhateeb L, Al-Alami J. Reactivation of latent Toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised cancer patients. Comp Clin Pathol. 2011;20(2):183-6.
30. Molan A-L, Rasheed EH. Study the possible link between toxoplasmosis and different kinds of cancer in Iraq. Am J Life Sci Res. 2016;4(3):83-8.
31. Yan J, Smyth MJ, Teng MW. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 and Their Conflicting Roles in Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;10(7):a028530.
32. Youssef SS, Mohammad MM, Ezz-El-Arab LR. Clinical significance of serum IL-12 level in patients with early breast carcinoma and its correlation with other tumor markers. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2015;3(4):640-4.
33. Murakami S, Okubo K, Tsuji Y, et al. Serum interleukin-12 levels in patients with gastric cancer. Surg Today. 2004;34(12):1014-9.
34. Hussein MZ, Al AF, Abdel IB, et al. Serum IL-6 and IL-12 levels in breast cancer patients. Egypt J Immunol. 2004;11(2):165-70.
35. Chavey C, Bibeau F, Gourgou-Bourgade S, et al. Oestrogen receptor negative breast cancers exhibit high cytokine content. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(1):R15.
36. Langowski JL, Zhang X, Wu L, et al. IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth. Nature. 2006;442(7101):461-5.
37. Stanilov N, Miteva L, Jovchev J, et al. The prognostic value of preoperative serum levels of IL‐12p40 and IL‐23 for survival of patients with colorectal cancer. APMIS. 2014;122(12):1223-9.
38. Jafarzadeh A, Minaee K, Farsinejad A-R, et al. Evaluation of the circulating levels of IL-12 and IL-33 in patients with breast cancer: influences of the tumor stages and cytokine gene polymorphisms. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2015;18(12):1189-98.
39. Lasek W, Zagożdżon R, Jakobisiak M. Interleukin 12: still a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy?. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2014;63(5):419-35.
40. Yuzhalin AE, Kutikhin AG. Interleukin-12: clinical usage and molecular markers of cancer susceptibility. Growth Factors. 2012;30(3):176-91.
41. Urosevic M, Dummer R. HLA-G and IL-10 expression in human cancer—different stories with the same message. Semin Cancer Biol. 2003;13(5):337-42.
42. Bernstein ED, Murasko DM. Effect of age on cytokine production in humans. Age (Omaha). 1998;21(4):137-51.
43. Rao V, Dyer C, Jameel J, et al. Potential prognostic and therapeutic roles for cytokines in breast cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 2006;15(1):179-85.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 4 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v15i4.4850 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Toxoplasma gondii Breast cancer Interleukin-12 Interleukin-23 | ||
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How to Cite
1.
ASSIM MM, SAHEB EJ. Serum Levels of Il-12 and Il-23 in Breast Cancer Patients Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: A Case-Control Study. Iran J Parasitol. 2020;15(4):466-474.
