Serological Survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Co-Infection in Rodents in Northwestern Iran
-
Naser NAZARI
,
Saeedeh SHOJAEE
,
Mahboobeh SALIMI
,
Mehdi MOHEBALI
,
Navid AHMADIFARD
,
Yazdan HAMZAVI
,
Zabihollah ZAREI
,
Reza FARAHMAND-RAD
,
Arezoo BOZORGOMID
,
Peyman HEYDARIAN
Abstract
Background: Our knowledge of the epidemiology of rodents’ parasitic agents in Iran is scarce, although some of these pathogens play an important role in human and veterinary medicine, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rodents of northwestern Iran between Mar and Dec 2015.
Methods: Overall, 157 serum samples from rodents (101 Meriones persicus, 41 Mus musculus, and 15 Cricetulus migratorius) were assayed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum.
Results: We found a prevalence of 20.38% (32/157) for N. caninum, 35% (55/157) for T. gondii. Co-presence of antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii was found in 10 (6.36%) rodents. A significant association was found between the rodents species and seropositivity to N. caninum (P<0.05) but there was no association with rodents species for T. gondii. The overall prevalence of the aforementioned parasites was higher in male versus female rodents.
Conclusion: The high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in rodents in the study area has implications for translocation of these infections across wider geographical regions since these rodents are mostly preyed on by cats or dogs; hence, which can transfer the parasite to other hosts.
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25. Saki J, Khademvatan S, Yousefi E, et al. Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from soil in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. J Parasit Dis. 2017; 41(1):202-205.
26. Tavalla M, Oormazdi H, Akhlaghi L, et al.. Geno-typing of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from soil samples in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2013; 8(2):227-33.
27. Ferroglio E, Pasino M, Romano A, et al. Evidence of Neospora caninum DNA in wild rodents. Vet Parasitol. 2007;148(3-4):346-9.
28. Dubey J, Schares G, Ortega-Mora L. Epidemiolo-gy and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007; 20(2):323-67.
29. Mosallanejad B, Avizeh R, Razi Jalali MH, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among wild rats (Rattus rattus) in Ahvaz District, Southwestern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2011; 5 (1):332–5.
30. Szabo EK, Finney CAM. Toxoplasma gondii: one organism, multiple models. Trends Parasitol. 2017; 33(2): 113-127.
31. Klein SL. Hormonal and immunological mecha-nisms mediating sex differences in parasite infec-tion. Parasite Immunol. 2004; 26(6-7):247-64.
2. Shahabi S, Mohammadzadeh Hajipirloo H, Keramati A, et al. Evaluation of the adjuvant activity of propranolol, a Beta-adrenergic receptor antago-nist, on efficacy of a malaria vaccine model in BALB/c mice. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 13(5):307-16.
3. Almería S. Neospora caninum and Wildlife. ISRN parasitology. 2013;2013.
4. Robert-Gangneux F, Dardé M-L.Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(2):264-96.
5. Flegr J, Prandota J, Sovičková M, et al. Toxoplasmosis–a global threat. Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries. PLoS One, 2014: 9(3):e90203.
6. Oshiro LM, Motta-Castro ARC, Freitas SZ, et al. Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii serodiagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus carriers. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2015: 48(5):568-72.
7. Tranas J, Heinzen RA, Weiss LM, et al. Serological evidence of human infection with the protozoan Neospora caninum. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 1999: 6(5):765-7.
8. Khademvatan S, Foroutan M, Hazrati-Tappeh K,et al. Toxoplasmosis in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran. J Infect Public Health. 2017;10(5):487-93.
9. Sohn W-M, Na B-K, Song H-J, et al. Intestinal helminthic infections in striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius, from two southern regions of Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 2014;52(4):419-23.
10. Yousefi A, Eslami A, Mobedi I, et al. Helminth infections of house mouse (Mus musulus) and wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) from the suburban areas of Hamadan city, western Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2014;9(4):511-8.
11. Abdoli A, Arbabi M, Pirestani M, et al. Molecular assessment of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hooded crows (Corvus cornix) in Tehran, Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2018: 57:69-73
12. Sayari M, Namavari M, Mojaver S. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in free ranging chickens (Gallus domesticus). J Parasit Dis, 2016: 40(3):845-7.
13. Yakhchali M, Bahrami M, Asri-Rezaei S, et al. The enzymes and electrolytes profiles in sera of Iranian stray dogs naturally infected with Neospora caninum. Annals Ann Parasitol, 2017: 63(1):63-8.
14. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol. 2000; 30(12-13):1217-58.
15. Zweig MH, Campbell G. Receiver-operating char-acteristic (ROC) plots: a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine. Clin Chem. 1993; 39:561–77
16. Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Can-cer. 1950; 3(1):32-5.
17. Saraei M, Shojaee S, Esmaeli A,et al. Evaluation of confounders in toxoplasmosis indirect fluorescent antibody assay. Iran J Parasitol.2010;5(4):55-62.
18. Foronda P, Plata-Luis J, del Castillo-Figueruelo B, et al. Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Coxiella burnetii in rodents in north-western African islands (Canary Islands and Cape Verde). Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2015;82(1):01-4.
19. Thomasson D, Wright E, Hughes J, et al. Prevalence and co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Apodemus sylvaticus in an area relatively free of cats. Parasitology. 2011;138(9):1117-23.
20. Tadin A, Tokarz R, Markotić A, et al. Molecular survey of zoonotic agents in rodents and other small mammals in Croatia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;94(2):466-73.
21. Medina-Esparza L, Macías L, Ramos-Parra M, et al. Frequency of infection by Neospora caninum in wild rodents associated with dairy farms in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Vet Parasitol. 2013;191(1-2):11-4.
22. Omata Y, Nidaira M, Kano R,et al. Vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in BALB/c mice in both acute and chronic infection. Vet Parasitol. 2004;121(3-4):323-8.
23. Sharifdini M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic dogs in an area from northwest of Iran: a cross-sectional study using immunodominant surface antigen 1 (SAG1). J Parasit Dis. 2016;40(4):1278-82.
24. Sharifdini M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H, et al. Neospora caninum and Leishmania infantum co-infection in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Meshkin-Shahr district, Northwestern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2011;5(2):60-8.
25. Saki J, Khademvatan S, Yousefi E, et al. Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from soil in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. J Parasit Dis. 2017; 41(1):202-205.
26. Tavalla M, Oormazdi H, Akhlaghi L, et al.. Geno-typing of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from soil samples in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2013; 8(2):227-33.
27. Ferroglio E, Pasino M, Romano A, et al. Evidence of Neospora caninum DNA in wild rodents. Vet Parasitol. 2007;148(3-4):346-9.
28. Dubey J, Schares G, Ortega-Mora L. Epidemiolo-gy and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007; 20(2):323-67.
29. Mosallanejad B, Avizeh R, Razi Jalali MH, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among wild rats (Rattus rattus) in Ahvaz District, Southwestern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2011; 5 (1):332–5.
30. Szabo EK, Finney CAM. Toxoplasma gondii: one organism, multiple models. Trends Parasitol. 2017; 33(2): 113-127.
31. Klein SL. Hormonal and immunological mecha-nisms mediating sex differences in parasite infec-tion. Parasite Immunol. 2004; 26(6-7):247-64.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 2 (2020) | |
| Section | Short Communication(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v15i2.3308 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Toxoplasma gondii Neospora caninum Rodents Indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
NAZARI N, SHOJAEE S, SALIMI M, MOHEBALI M, AHMADIFARD N, HAMZAVI Y, ZAREI Z, FARAHMAND-RAD R, BOZORGOMID A, HEYDARIAN P. Serological Survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Co-Infection in Rodents in Northwestern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2020;15(2):253-258.
