Investigation on Parasites and some Causes of Mortality in Captive Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis), Pakistan
-
Romaan Hayat KHATTAK
,
Zhensheng LIU
,
Liwei TENG
,
Sher AHMED
,
Said Sajjad ALI SHAH
,
Sara Salah ABDEL-HAKEEM
Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted in Jul 2019 and Jan 2020 in two wildlife parks of the Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, where the endangered Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) is successfully bred in captivity. We determined diversity of internal and external parasites that take advantage of the situation of congestion, resulting in massive mortalities of wild animals in captivity.
Methods: Internal parasites of living urial were determined by direct wet smear and flotation methods, while dead urial was necropsied for any pertaining observation.
Results: All examined fecal samples were found infected with gastrointestinal parasites, which had significant difference in the total abundance in winter and summer. S. papillosus and H.contortus, and a single protozoan, Eimeria spp. were the dominant parasites in fecal samples. Ticks collected from urial enclosures and dead animals were of single species H. anatolicum. Theileria spp. was observed in blood, while hydatid cysts were found in lungs and liver of necropsied urial.
Conclusion: The study indicates that internal parasites such as Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus, while external parasites as Hyalomma anatolicum ticks played major role in the population decline. Strict veterinary control of infectious diseases, provision of hygienic and supplementary diet, and proper maintenance of urial population are necessary measures for the control of mortalities.
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25. Ghosh S, Bansal GC, Gupta SC, et al. Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitol Res. 2007; 101 Suppl 2:S207-216.
26. Shah SSA, Khan MI, Hanif-ur-Rehman. Epidemiological and hematological investigations of tick-borne diseases in small ruminants in Peshawar and Khyber Agency, Pakistan. J Adv Parasitol. 2017; 4:15-22.
27. Anwar K. Epidemiology of tick-borne infection in ruminants in Peshawar. J Adv Parasitol. 2018; 5:6-10.
28. Khan A, Nasreen N, Niaz S, et al. Tick burden and tick species prevalence in small ruminants of different agencies of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan. Int J Acarol. 2019; 45:374-380.
29. Sevinc F, Guclu F, Uslu U. The parasites detected in the Anatolian wild sheep (Ovis orientalis anatolica). J Faculty Vet Med Erciyes University. 2004; 1:87-89.
30. Orkun Ö, Emir H, Karaer Z. Ticks threatening lineage of Anatolian wild sheep (Ovis gmelinii anatolica) and determination of their tick-borne pathogens. Vet Parasitol. 2016; 228:77-84.
31. Hoogstraal H, Valdez R. Ticks (Ixodoidea) from wild sheep and goats in Iran and medical and veterinary implications. Fieldiana Zool. 1980; 6:1-16.
32. McCarthy VC. Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of West Pakistan. Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland, USA; 1967.
33. Pienaar JG, Basson PA, Du Plessis JL, et al. Experimental studies with Strongyloides papillosus in goats. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1999; 66(3):191-235.
34. Nakanishi N, Nakamura Y, Ura S, et al. Sudden death of calves by experimental infection with Strongyloides papillosus. III. Hematological, biochemical and histological examinations. Vet Parasitol. 1993; 47(1-2):67-76.
35. Nakamura Y, Ooba C, Hirose H. Recovery from arrhythmias in lambs infected with Strongyloides papillosus following worm elimination. J Helminthol. 1998; 72(1):43-46.
2. Khattak RH, Liu Z, Teng L, et al. Determining optimal stock density of Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) in captivity for breeding, population growth and reintroduction potential. Pak J Biol Sci. 2020; 23(9):1227-1230.
3. Walker JG, Morgan ER. Generalists at the interface: nematode transmission between wild and domestic ungulates. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2014; 3(3):242-250.
4. Nadler CF, Korobitsina KV, Hoffmann RS, et al. Cytogenetic differentiation, geographic distribution, and domestication in Palearctic sheep (Ovis). Z Säugetierkd. 1973; 38:109-125.
5. Rezaei HR, Naderi S, Chintauan-Marquier IC, et al. Evolution and taxonomy of the wild species of the genus Ovis (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2010; 54(2):315-326.
6. Hess R, Bollmann K, Ghulam-Rasool, et al. Indo-Himalayan region: Pakistan. In: Shackleton DM, editor. Wild sheep and goats and their rrelatives. Status survey and conservation action plan for Caprinae. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK; 1997. p. 239-260.
7. Roberts TJ. The mammals of Pakistan. Revised ed. Oxford University Press, UK; 1997.
8. Sheikh KM, Molur S. Status and red list of Pakistan’s mammals. Based on the conservation assessment and management plan. IUCN, Pakistan; 2005.
9. Awan GA, Ahmad T, Festa-Bianchet M. Disease spectrum and mortality of Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) in Kalabagh Game Reserve. Pak J Zool. 2005; 37:175-179.
10. Shahzad S, Tipu MY, Aslam A, et al. Comparative hemato-biochemical study on theileriosis in naturally infected Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in Pakistan. J Anim Plant Sci. 2015; 25(3):472-476.
11. Nemat A, Ali Z, Ahmad S, et al. Study of disease records of zoo animals in Lahore zoo, Pakistan. J Anim Plant Sci. 2015; 25(3):483-492.
12. Bajwa AA, Cuff JP, Imran M, et al. Assessment of nematodes in Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) population in Kalabagh Game Reserve: development of a DNA barcode approach. European J Wildl Res. 2019; 65(4). DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1298-y.
13. Ahmed S. Parasites of markhor, urial and Chiltan wild goat in Pakistan. Ann Parasitol. 2020; 66(1):3-12.
14. Ramos VN, Osava CF, Piovezan U, et al. Complementary data on four methods for sampling free-living ticks in the Brazilian Pantanal. Rev Braz Parasitol Vet. 2014; 23(4):516-521.
15. Taylor MA, Coop RL, Wall RL. Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK; 2007.
16. Van Wyk JA, Mayhew E. Morphological identification of parasitic nematode infective larvae of small ruminants and cattle: a practical lab guide. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2013; 80(1):539.
17. Geist V. On delayed social and physical maturation in Mountain Sheep. Can J Zool. 1968; 46(5):899-904.
18. Sohail M, Nauman-ul-Islam M, Shah SSA, et al. Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in Beetal goats at district Peshawar, Pakistan. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2017; 5(5):205-207.
19. Government of Pakistan. Regional metrological center Peshawar, Pakistan. 2019. http://www.rmckpk.pmd.gov.pk/
20. Ahmed S, Nawaz M, Gul R, et al. Some epidemiological aspects of hydatidosis of lungs and livers of sheep and goats in Quetta, Pakistan. Pak J Zool. 2006; 38(1):1-6.
21. Tavassoli M, Khoshvaghti H. Helminths and coccidia infection of wild sheep (Ovis ammon orientalis) in Kabodan Island of National Park of Urmia Lake, Iran. Vet Res Forum. 2010; 1:26-29.
22. Nasiri V, Jameie F. Intestinal parasitic infection in wild animals of a zoological garden in Alborz, Iran. J Istanbul Vet Sci. 2019; 3:37-42.
23. Nasiri V, Jameie F, Paykari H, et al. Survey of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in captive wild animals of a central zoological garden in Iran. J Vet Sci Res. 2019; 1:78-91.
24. Chartier C, Paraud C. Coccidiosis due to Eimeria in sheep and goats, a review. Small Rumin Res. 2012; 103(1):84-92.
25. Ghosh S, Bansal GC, Gupta SC, et al. Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitol Res. 2007; 101 Suppl 2:S207-216.
26. Shah SSA, Khan MI, Hanif-ur-Rehman. Epidemiological and hematological investigations of tick-borne diseases in small ruminants in Peshawar and Khyber Agency, Pakistan. J Adv Parasitol. 2017; 4:15-22.
27. Anwar K. Epidemiology of tick-borne infection in ruminants in Peshawar. J Adv Parasitol. 2018; 5:6-10.
28. Khan A, Nasreen N, Niaz S, et al. Tick burden and tick species prevalence in small ruminants of different agencies of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan. Int J Acarol. 2019; 45:374-380.
29. Sevinc F, Guclu F, Uslu U. The parasites detected in the Anatolian wild sheep (Ovis orientalis anatolica). J Faculty Vet Med Erciyes University. 2004; 1:87-89.
30. Orkun Ö, Emir H, Karaer Z. Ticks threatening lineage of Anatolian wild sheep (Ovis gmelinii anatolica) and determination of their tick-borne pathogens. Vet Parasitol. 2016; 228:77-84.
31. Hoogstraal H, Valdez R. Ticks (Ixodoidea) from wild sheep and goats in Iran and medical and veterinary implications. Fieldiana Zool. 1980; 6:1-16.
32. McCarthy VC. Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of West Pakistan. Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland, USA; 1967.
33. Pienaar JG, Basson PA, Du Plessis JL, et al. Experimental studies with Strongyloides papillosus in goats. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1999; 66(3):191-235.
34. Nakanishi N, Nakamura Y, Ura S, et al. Sudden death of calves by experimental infection with Strongyloides papillosus. III. Hematological, biochemical and histological examinations. Vet Parasitol. 1993; 47(1-2):67-76.
35. Nakamura Y, Ooba C, Hirose H. Recovery from arrhythmias in lambs infected with Strongyloides papillosus following worm elimination. J Helminthol. 1998; 72(1):43-46.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 1 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v16i1.5513 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Punjab urial Nematodes Ticks Hydatid cyst | ||
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How to Cite
1.
KHATTAK R, LIU Z, TENG L, AHMED S, ALI SHAH S, ABDEL-HAKEEM S. Investigation on Parasites and some Causes of Mortality in Captive Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis), Pakistan. Iran J Parasitol. 2021;16(1):64-71.
