Efficacy and Safety of Zataria multiflora Boiss Essential Oil against Acute Toxoplasmosis in Mice
-
Hossein MAHMOUDVAND
,
Amir TAVAKOLI KARESHK
,
Mohammad NABI MORADI
,
Lianet MONZOTE FIDALGO
,
Seyed Reza MIRBADIE
,
Massumeh NIAZI
,
Mehrdad KHATAMI
Abstract
Background: Broad spectrums of pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial activity have been attributed to Zataria multiflora Boiss (Laminaceae). The in vivo efficacy and safety of Z. multiflora essential oil (ZM-EO) were evaluated against acute toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii (Sarcocystidae) in mice.
Methods: Z. multiflora (aerial parts) was obtained from the rural districts of Kerman city (Kerman Province) Southwestern Iran, in May of 2016. Male NMRI mice were orally treated with normal saline (control group) and ZM-EO at the doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mL/kg once a day for 14 d (8 mice in each group). On the 15th day, the mice were infected with 104 tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain by intraperitoneal route. The mortality rate and parasite load were determined in the infected mice. Additionally, 24 mice were applied to examine the sub-acute toxicity of ZM-EO at the above doses after treatment during 14 d.
Results: GC/MS analysis displayed that the key constituents were thymol (45.4%), carvacrol (23%) and p-cymene (10.6%), respectively. Overall, 100% mortality was observed on the 8th and 9th days in treated mice with the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 mL/kg, respectively. The mean number of tachyzoites in the mice treated with 0.2 and 0.4 mL/kg of ZM-EO were 189×104 and 76×104 cell/mL, respectively, meaningfully (P<0.05) reduced compared with the control mice. Results also demonstrated that ZM-EO had no important toxicity on mice.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated the efficacy of ZM-EO against acute toxoplasmosis. Nevertheless, supplementary surveys are mandatory to examine its precise effects, mainly immunomodulatory effect on toxoplasmosis.
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5. Khryanin AA, Reshetnikov OV, Kuvshinova IN. Toxoplasmosis: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment. Antibiot Khimioter. 2015; 60:16-21.
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10. Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Salmani GA. An-tinociceptive,anti- inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss extractsin mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 73: 379-85.
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13. Saei Dehkordi SS, TajikH, Moradi M, Khalighi Sigaroodi F. Chemical composition of essential oils in Zataria multiflora Boiss. from different parts of Iran and their radical scavenging and antimicrobial activi-ty. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48:1562-7.
14. Yesil Celiktas O, Girgin G, Orhan H, et al. Screen-ing of free radical scavenging capacity and antioxi-dant activities of Rosmarinus officinalis extracts with fo-cus on location and harvesting times. European Food Res Technol. 2007; 224: 443-51.
15. Yesil Celiktas O, Hames Kocabas EE, Bedir E, et al. Antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts and essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, depending on location and seasonal variations. Food Chem. 2007; 100: 553-9.
16. Mahmoudvand H, Tavakoli Oliaei R, Mirbadie SR, et al. Efficacy and safety of Bunium persicum (Boiss) to inactivate protoscoleces during hydatid cyst op-erations. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2016; 17: 713-19.
17. Saedi Dezaki E, Mahmoudvand H, Sharififar F, et al. Chemical composition along with anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activity of Zataria multiflora. Pharm Bi-ol. 2016; 54:752-8.
18. Adams RP. 2004. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spec-troscopy. Illinois, USA: Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Corporation.
19. Tavakoli Kareshk A, Keyhani A, Mahmoudvand H, et al. Efficacy of the Bunium persicum (Boiss) essential oil against acute toxoplasmosis in mice model. Iran J Parasitol. 2015; 10: 625-31.
20. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microb Rev. 1999; 12: 564-82.
21. McCutcheon AR, Ellis SM, Hancock RE, et al. Antibiotic screening of medicinal plants of the Brit-ish Columbian native peoples. J Ethnopharmacol. 1992; 37: 213-23.
22. Pandey AK, Kumar P, Singh P, et al. Essential oils: sources of antimicrobials and food preservatives. Front Microbiol. 2017; 7: 1-14.
23. Dupont CD, Christian DA, Hunter CA. Immune response and immunopathology during toxoplas-mosis. Semin Immunopathol. 2012; 34: 793-813.
24. Amirghofran Z, Ahmadi H, Karimi MH. Im-munomodulatory activity of the water extract of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus daenensis, and Zataria multiflora on dendritic cells and T cells responses. J Immuno-assay Immunochem. 2012; 33: 388-402.
25. Shokri H, Asadi F, Bahonar AR, et al. The role of Zataria multiflora essence (Iranian herb) on innate immunity of animal model. Iran J Immunol. 2006; 3:164-8.
26. Mosleh N, Shomali T, Aghapour Kazemi H. Ef-fect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on immune re-sponses and faecal virus shedding period in broilers immunized with live Newcastle disease vaccines. Iranian J Vet Res. 2013; 14: 220-25.
27. Boskabady MH, Mehrjardi SS, Rezaee A, et al. The impact of Zataria multiflora Boiss extract on in vitro and in vivo Th1/Th2 cytokine (IFN-γ/IL4) balance. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 150: 1024-31.
28. Loomis TA. 1968. Essential of toxicology. Philadel-phia (PA): Lea and Febige.
29. Sepulveda-Arias JC, Veloza LA, Mantilla-Muriel LE. Anti-Toxoplasma activity of natural products: a review. Recent Pat Ant Infect Drug Discov. 2014; 9:186-94.
30. Sharif M, Sarvi S, Pagheh AS, et al. The efficacy of herbal medicines against Toxoplasma gondii during the last 3 decades: a systematic review. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016; 94:1237-1248.
31. Abdali K, Jahed L, Amooee S, et al. Comparison of the effect of vaginal Zataria multiflora cream and oral metronidazole pill on results of treatments for vagi-nal infections including trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age. Biomed Res Int. 2015: 683640.
32. Moazeni M, Larki S, Saharkhiz MJ. In vivo study of the efficacy of the aromatic water of Zataria multiflora on hydatid cysts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58: 6003-8.
33. Cristani M, D'Arrigo M, Mandalari G, et al. Interac-tion of four monoterpenes contained in essential oils with model membranes: implications for their antibacterial activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2007; 55: 6300-308.
34. Sikkema J, De Bont DA, Poolman B. Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1995; 59: 201-22.
35. Soltani M, Sheikhzadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi HA, et al. Effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on innate immune responses of common carp (Cypri-nus carpio). J Fish Aquat Sci. 2010; 3: 191-9.
2. Hill D, Dubey J. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microb Infect 2002; 8: 634-640.
3. Mahmoudvand H, Ziaali N, Ghazvini H, et al. Tox-oplasma gondii infection promotes neuroinflammation through cytokine networks and induced hyperalge-sia in BALB/c mice. Inflammation. 2016; 39: 405-12.
4. Mahmoudvand H, Ziaali N, Aghaei I, et al. The possible association between Toxoplasma gondii infec-tion and risk of anxiety and cognitive disorders in BALB/c mice. Pathog Glob Health. 2016; 109:369-76.
5. Khryanin AA, Reshetnikov OV, Kuvshinova IN. Toxoplasmosis: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment. Antibiot Khimioter. 2015; 60:16-21.
6. Lewis JM, Clifford S, Nsutebu E. Toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients. Rheumatology (Ox-ford). 2015; 54: 1939-40.
7. Antczak M, Dzitko K, Długońska H. Human tox-oplasmosis-searching for novel chemotherapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016; 82: 677-84.
8. Montazeri M, Sharif M, Sarvi S, et al. A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo activities of anti-Toxoplasma drugs and compounds (2006-2016). Front Microbiol. 2016; 8: 25-32.
9. Rocha LG, Almeida JR, Macedo RO, et al. A re-view of natural products with antileishmanial activi-ty. Phytomed 2005; 12: 514-35.
10. Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Salmani GA. An-tinociceptive,anti- inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss extractsin mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 73: 379-85.
11. Sajed H, Sahebkar A, Iranshahi M. Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Shirazi thyme)--an ancient condiment with modern pharmaceutical uses. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 145:686-98.
12. Moazeni M, Larki S, Oryan A, et al. Preventive and therapeutic effects of Zataria multiflora methanolic extract on hydatid cyst: an in vivo study. Vet Parasi-tol.2014; 205:107-12.
13. Saei Dehkordi SS, TajikH, Moradi M, Khalighi Sigaroodi F. Chemical composition of essential oils in Zataria multiflora Boiss. from different parts of Iran and their radical scavenging and antimicrobial activi-ty. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48:1562-7.
14. Yesil Celiktas O, Girgin G, Orhan H, et al. Screen-ing of free radical scavenging capacity and antioxi-dant activities of Rosmarinus officinalis extracts with fo-cus on location and harvesting times. European Food Res Technol. 2007; 224: 443-51.
15. Yesil Celiktas O, Hames Kocabas EE, Bedir E, et al. Antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts and essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, depending on location and seasonal variations. Food Chem. 2007; 100: 553-9.
16. Mahmoudvand H, Tavakoli Oliaei R, Mirbadie SR, et al. Efficacy and safety of Bunium persicum (Boiss) to inactivate protoscoleces during hydatid cyst op-erations. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2016; 17: 713-19.
17. Saedi Dezaki E, Mahmoudvand H, Sharififar F, et al. Chemical composition along with anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activity of Zataria multiflora. Pharm Bi-ol. 2016; 54:752-8.
18. Adams RP. 2004. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spec-troscopy. Illinois, USA: Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Corporation.
19. Tavakoli Kareshk A, Keyhani A, Mahmoudvand H, et al. Efficacy of the Bunium persicum (Boiss) essential oil against acute toxoplasmosis in mice model. Iran J Parasitol. 2015; 10: 625-31.
20. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microb Rev. 1999; 12: 564-82.
21. McCutcheon AR, Ellis SM, Hancock RE, et al. Antibiotic screening of medicinal plants of the Brit-ish Columbian native peoples. J Ethnopharmacol. 1992; 37: 213-23.
22. Pandey AK, Kumar P, Singh P, et al. Essential oils: sources of antimicrobials and food preservatives. Front Microbiol. 2017; 7: 1-14.
23. Dupont CD, Christian DA, Hunter CA. Immune response and immunopathology during toxoplas-mosis. Semin Immunopathol. 2012; 34: 793-813.
24. Amirghofran Z, Ahmadi H, Karimi MH. Im-munomodulatory activity of the water extract of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus daenensis, and Zataria multiflora on dendritic cells and T cells responses. J Immuno-assay Immunochem. 2012; 33: 388-402.
25. Shokri H, Asadi F, Bahonar AR, et al. The role of Zataria multiflora essence (Iranian herb) on innate immunity of animal model. Iran J Immunol. 2006; 3:164-8.
26. Mosleh N, Shomali T, Aghapour Kazemi H. Ef-fect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on immune re-sponses and faecal virus shedding period in broilers immunized with live Newcastle disease vaccines. Iranian J Vet Res. 2013; 14: 220-25.
27. Boskabady MH, Mehrjardi SS, Rezaee A, et al. The impact of Zataria multiflora Boiss extract on in vitro and in vivo Th1/Th2 cytokine (IFN-γ/IL4) balance. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 150: 1024-31.
28. Loomis TA. 1968. Essential of toxicology. Philadel-phia (PA): Lea and Febige.
29. Sepulveda-Arias JC, Veloza LA, Mantilla-Muriel LE. Anti-Toxoplasma activity of natural products: a review. Recent Pat Ant Infect Drug Discov. 2014; 9:186-94.
30. Sharif M, Sarvi S, Pagheh AS, et al. The efficacy of herbal medicines against Toxoplasma gondii during the last 3 decades: a systematic review. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016; 94:1237-1248.
31. Abdali K, Jahed L, Amooee S, et al. Comparison of the effect of vaginal Zataria multiflora cream and oral metronidazole pill on results of treatments for vagi-nal infections including trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age. Biomed Res Int. 2015: 683640.
32. Moazeni M, Larki S, Saharkhiz MJ. In vivo study of the efficacy of the aromatic water of Zataria multiflora on hydatid cysts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58: 6003-8.
33. Cristani M, D'Arrigo M, Mandalari G, et al. Interac-tion of four monoterpenes contained in essential oils with model membranes: implications for their antibacterial activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2007; 55: 6300-308.
34. Sikkema J, De Bont DA, Poolman B. Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1995; 59: 201-22.
35. Soltani M, Sheikhzadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi HA, et al. Effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on innate immune responses of common carp (Cypri-nus carpio). J Fish Aquat Sci. 2010; 3: 191-9.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 1 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v15i1.2523 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Prophylactic Essential oil Toxoplasma gondii Treatment Herbal medicines Toxicity | ||
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How to Cite
1.
MAHMOUDVAND H, TAVAKOLI KARESHK A, NABI MORADI M, MONZOTE FIDALGO L, MIRBADIE SR, NIAZI M, KHATAMI M. Efficacy and Safety of Zataria multiflora Boiss Essential Oil against Acute Toxoplasmosis in Mice. Iran J Parasitol. 2020;15(1):22-30.
