Original Article

Interaction between Chitosan and Chloroquine against Plas-modium berghei and P. falciparum using In-Vivo and In-Vitro Tests

Abstract

Background: The use of antimalarial drugs with number of compounds in combination form may potentiate each other's activity.

Methods: This study was conducted in the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018. It was based on two methods including in vivo and in vitro tests with aim of considering interaction between chitosan and chloroquine against Plasmodium berghei and P. falciparum parasites using different ratios of the agents with ED50s and IC50s baselines.

Results: Administrating 10 and 20 mg/kg (mouse body weight) of chitosan alone to the P. berghei –infected mice up to 4 successive days resulted in 37% and 45% inhibition of P. berghei respectively, while employing the compound with chloroquine in combination form with ratios of 90/10 and 70/30 (chloroquine/chitosan) had a considerable potentiation including 71.58% and 83.85% inhibition effectiveness against P. berghei. Moreover, 20 mg/L (CCM) concentration of chitosan alone could eliminate 69.55% of P. falciparum in culture medium while in combination with chloroquine in ratios of 90/10 (chloroquine/chitosan) had considerable potentiation including 79.14% inhibition effectiveness. Mean survival time of those mice received combination therapy in ratios of 90/10 and 70/30 (chloroquine/chitosan) was longer than those took up mono therapy of either chloroquine or chitosan based on their ED50s doses.

Conclusion: Interaction between chloroquine and chitosan showed considerable potentiation in combination form against either P. berghei or P. falciparum using in vivo and in vitro tests respectively. Meanwhile, interaction between the above mentioned agents resulted in a notable survival time for those P. berghei-infected mice treated with the combination.

1. Mahmoudvand H, Farivar L, Sharifi I, et al . Fatal case of Plasmodium vivax malaria in a splenectomized patient. Iran J parasitol. 2012; 7(3): 99-102.
2. World Health Organization. World malaria report, Geneva. 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2018/en/#:~:text=There%20were%20an%20estimated%20219,databases%20held%20by%20other%20organizations
3. Wellems TE, Plowe CV. Chloroquine-resistant malaria. J Infect Dis. 2001; 184(6): 770-6.
4. Price RN, Dorsey G, Ashley EA, et al . World Antimalarial Resistance Network I: clinical efficacy of antimalarial drugs. Malar J. 2007; 6: 119.
5. Mazhari N, Nateghpour M, Heydarian P, et al . In Vivo Anti-Malarial Activity of Heracleum Persicum Fruit Extract, in Combination With Chloroquine against Chloroquine- Sensitive Strain of Plasmodium berghei. Iran J Public Health. 2018; 47(6): 868-874.
6. Khodadadi M, Nateghpour M, Souri E, et al . Evaluation of effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Artemisia aucheri, individually and in combination with chloroquine, on chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei in sourian mice. Iran J Public Health. 2013; 42(8): 883-8.
7. Bitonti AJ, Sjoerdsma A, McCann PP, et al . Reversal of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by desipramine. Science. 1988; 242(4883): 1301-3.
8. Peters W, Ekong R, Robinson B, et al . Antihistaminic drugs that reverse chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Lancet. 1989; 2(8658): 334-5.
9. Tripathy S, Mahapatra SK, Chattopadhyay S, et al . A novel chitosan based antimalarial drug delivery against Plasmodium berghei infection. Acta Trop. 2013; 128(3): 494-503.
10. Teimouri A, Motevalli-Haghi A, Nateghpour M, et al . Antimalarial efficacy of low molecular weight chitosan against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. J Vec-tor Borne Dis. 2016; 53(4): 312-316.
11. Cowman AF, Foote SJ. Chemotherapy and drug resistance in malaria. Int J Parasi-tol. 1990; 20(4): 503-13.
12. Nateghpour M, Farivar L, Souri E, et al . The effect of Otostegia persica in combination with chloroquine on chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei using in vivo fixed ratios method. Iran J Pharm Res. 2012; 11(2): 583-8.
13. Jensen JB, Trager W. Plasmodium falciparum in culture: use of outdated erythrocytes and description of the candle jar method. J Parasitol. 1977; 63(5): 883-6.
Files
IssueVol 16 No 2 (2021) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v16i2.6320
Keywords
Chloroquine Chitosan Plasmodium berghei Plasmodium falciparum Interaction
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Momenfam F, Nateghpour M, Motevalli Haghi A, Farivar L, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Etemadi S. Interaction between Chitosan and Chloroquine against Plas-modium berghei and P. falciparum using In-Vivo and In-Vitro Tests. Iran J Parasitol. 2021;16(2):261-269.