Molecular Genotyping of the Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran
-
Zeynab HEDAYATI
,
Ahmad DARYANI
,
Shahabeddin SARVI
,
Shirzad GHOLAMI
,
Mehdi SHARIF
,
Majid PIRESTANI
,
Samira DODANGEH
,
Simin BARI
,
Sara GHOLAMI
,
Azadeh MIZANI
,
Seyed Abdollah HOSSEINI
Abstract
Background: The larval stage of the tapeworm (cestode) Echinococcus granulosus is the etiological agent of hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis, which is the zoonotic parasitic disease causing morbidity and mortality in both humans and livestock. Due to a lack of accurate data on the human isolates of E. granulosus in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, the current study aimed to survey the population genetic pattern of cystic echinococcosis isolated from humans by sequencing the mitochondrial genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1).
Methods: Overall, 47 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPT) blocks were collected from patients' files in various pathology departments of Mazandaran Province in Iran from 2003 to 2015. PCR was performed to amplify a 398bp DNA fragment of mitochondrial nad1. PCR products were sequenced by Bioneer Corporation (South Korea), and the resulting data were analyzed via relevant software to determine the genotypes.
Results: The nad1 gene was successfully amplified on 10 from all of the E. granulosus isolates. Overall, 66.6% and 33.3% of the isolates in the studied area displayed the G1 and G2-G3 genotypes, respectively.
Conclusion: This study may provide the foundation for further studies in revealing the regional transmission patterns and also in designing adequate control procedures.
Eckert J, Conraths F, Tackmann K. Echinococcosis: an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis? Int. J. Parasitol. 2000; 30(12): 1283-1294.
Jenkins D, Romig T, Thompson R. Emergence/re-emergence of Echinococcus spp.—a global update. Int. J. Parasitol. 2005; 35(11): 1205-1219.
Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U. The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol. Int. 2006; 55: S187-S191.
Eryıldız C, Şakru N. Molecular characterization of human and animal isolates of Echinococcus granulosus in the Thrace Region, Turkey. 2012; Balkan Med J. 29(3): 261.
Larrieu E, Frider B. Human cystic echinococcosis: contributions to the natural history of the disease. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001; 95(7): 679-687.
Thompson RA, McManus DP. Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Echinococcus. Trends Parasitol. 2002; 18(10): 452-457.
McManus D. The molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus and cystic hydatid disease. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2002; 96: S151-S157.
Bowles J, McManus D. NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene sequences compared for species and strains of the genus Echinococcus. Int. J. Parasitol. 1993; 23(7): 969-972.
Bowles J, Blair D, McManus D. Molecular genetic characterization of the cervid strain (‘northern form’) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology. 1994); 109(2): 215-221.
Bowles J, Blair D, McManus D. A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus. Parasitology. 1995; 110(3): 317-328.
Zhang L, Chai J, Jiao W, Osman Y, McManus D. Mitochondrial genomic markers confirm the presence of the camel strain (G6 genotype) of Echinococcus granulosus in north-western China. Parasitology. 1998; 116(1): 29-33.
Šnábel V, D'Amelio S, Mathiopoulos K, Turčeková L, Dubinský P. Molecular evidence for the presence of a G7 genotype of Echinococcus granulosus in Slovakia. Journal of helminthology. 2000; 74(2): 177-181.
Lavikainen A, Lehtinen M, Meri T, Hirvelä-Koski V, Meri S. Molecular genetic characterization of the Fennoscandian cervid strain, a new genotypic group (G10) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology. 2003; 127(3): 207-215.
McManus D, Thompson R. Molecular epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis. Parasitology. 2003; 127(S1): S37-S51.
Turčeková Lu, Šnábel V, D'Amelio S, Busi M, Dubinský P. Morphological and genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in the Slovak Republic. Acta Trop. 2003; 85(2): 223-229.
Nakao M, McManus D, Schantz P, Craig P, Ito A. A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Parasitology. 2006; 134(5): 713-722.
Hüttner M, Nakao M, Wassermann T, Siefert L, Boomker JD, et al. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the African lion. Int. J. Parasitol. 2008; 38(7): 861-868.
Saarma U, Jõgisalu I, Moks E, Varcasia A, Lavikainen A, et al. A novel phylogeny for the genus Echinococcus, based on nuclear data, challenges relationships based on mitochondrial evidence. Parasitology. 2009; 136(3): 317-328.
Knapp J, Nakao M, Yanagida T, Okamoto M, Saarma U, et al. Phylogenetic relationships within Echinococcus and Taenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Taeniidae): an inference from nuclear protein-coding genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2011; 61(3): 628-638.
Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, Ito A. Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Int. J. Parasitol. 2013; 43(12): 1017-1029.
Harandi MF, Hobbs R, Adams P, Mobedi I, Morgan-Ryan U, et al. Molecular and morphological characterization of Echinococcus granulosus of human and animal origin in Iran. Parasitology. 2002; 125(4): 367-373.
Sharbatkhori M, Harandi MF, Mirhendi H, Hajialilo E, Kia EB. Sequence analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes in Echinococcus granulosus G3 genotype in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from central Iran. Parasitol. Res. 2011; 108(3): 521-527.
Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Jex AR, Pangasa A, Campbell BE, et al. Genetic categorization of Echinococcus granulosus from humans and herbivorous hosts in Iran using an integrated mutation scanning‐phylogenetic approach. Electrophoresis. 2009; 30(15): 2648-2655.
Sharbatkhori M, Kia E, Harandi MF, Jalalizand N, Zahabiun F, et al. Comparison of five simple methods for DNA extraction from Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces for PCR-amplification of ribosomal DNA. Iranian J Parasitol. 2009; 4(2): 54-60.
Hajialilo E, Harandi MF, Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Rostami S. Genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in camels, cattle and sheep from the south-east of Iran indicates the presence of the G3 genotype. Journal of helminthology. 2012; 86(3): 263-270.
Pezeshki A, Akhlaghi L, Sharbatkhori M, Razmjou E, Oormazdi H, et al. Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic animals and humans from Ardabil Province, northwest Iran. Journal of helminthology. 2013; 87(4): 387-391.
Pour AA, Hosseini SH, Shayan P. Comparative genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus infecting buffalo in Iran using cox1 gene. Parasitol. Res. 2011; 108(5): 1229-1234.
Schneider R, Gollackner B, Edel B, Schmid K, Wrba F, et al. Development of a new PCR protocol for the detection of species and genotypes (strains) of Echinococcus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Int. J. Parasitol. 2008; 38(8): 1065-1071.
Rahimi H, Kia E, Mirhendi S, Talebi A, Harandi MF, et al. A new primer pair in ITS1 region for molecular studies on Echinococcus granulosus. Iran. J. Public Health. 2007; 36(1): 45-49.
Conchedda M, Antonelli A, Caddori A, Gabriele F. A retrospective analysis of human cystic echinococcosis in Sardinia (Italy), an endemic Mediterranean region, from 2001 to 2005. Parasitol. Int. 2010; 59(3): 454-459.
Gholami S, Sosari M, Fakhar M, Sharif M, Daryani A, et al. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from Hydatid Cysts isolated from human and animals in Golestan Province, North of Iran. Iran. J. parasitol. 2012; 7(4): 8.
Pezeshki A, Kia E, Gholizadeh A, Koohzare A. An analysis of hydatid cyst surgeries in Tehran Milad Hospital, Iran, during 2001-2004. Pak J Med Sci. 2007; 23(1): 138.
Sarkari B, Sadjjadi S, Beheshtian M, Aghaee M, Sedaghat F. Human cystic Echinococcosis in Yasuj district in Southwest of Iran: an epidemiological study of seroprevalence and surgical cases over a ten‐year period. Zoonoses and public health. 2010; 57(2): 146-150.
Sharifi-Mood B, Fazaeli A, Izadi S, Mokhtari S. Fifteen years experience with pulmonary hydatidosis in Zahedan, Iran. Iran. J. Parasitol. 2007; 2(4): 7-11.
Badaraco J, Ayala F, Bart J-M, Gottstein B, Haag K. Using mitochondrial and nuclear markers to evaluate the degree of genetic cohesion among Echinococcus populations. Exp. parasitol. 2008; 119(4): 453-459.
Casulli A, Interisano M, Sreter T, Chitimia L, Kirkova Z, et al. Genetic variability of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Europe inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2012; 12(2): 377-383.
Haag K, Ayala F, Kamenetzky L, Gutierrez A, Rosenzvit M. Livestock trade history, geography, and parasite strains: the mitochondrial genetic structure of Echinococcus granulosus in Argentina. Journal of Parasitology. 2004; 90(2): 234-239.
Hailemariam Z, Nakao M, Menkir S, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, et al. Molecular identification of unilocular hydatid cysts from domestic ungulates in Ethiopia: implications for human infections. Parasitol. Int. 2012); 61(2): 375-377.
Nakao M, Li T, Han X, Ma X, Xiao N, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of Echinococcus tapeworms in China as determined by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Int. J. Parasitol. 2010; 40(3): 379-385.
Shafiei R, Teshnizi SH, Kalantar K, Gholami M, Mirzaee G, et al. The Seroprevalence of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. J Parasitol Res. 2016; 2016.
Sharafi SM, Rostami-Nejad M, Moazeni M, Yousefi M, Saneie B, et al. Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2014; 7(2).
Parsa F, Harandi MF, Rostami S, Sharbatkhori M. Genotyping Echinococcus granulosus from dogs from Western Iran. Exp. parasitol. 2012; 132(2): 308-312.
Shahnazi M, Hejazi H, Salehi M, Andalib AR. Molecular characterization of human and animal Echinococcus granulosus isolates in Isfahan, Iran. Acta Trop. 2011; 117(1): 47-50.
Sharifiyazdi H, Oryan A, Ahmadnia S, Valinezhad A. Genotypic characterization of Iranian camel (Camelus dromedarius) isolates of Echinoccocus granulosus. J. Parasitol. 2011; 97(2): 251-255.
Jamali R, Ghazanchaei A, Asgharzadeh M. Identification and characterization of Echinococcus granulosus by PCR-RFLP technique in Tabriz district. J Parasitic Dis. 2004; 28(2): 69-72.
Breyer I, Georgieva D, Kurdova R, Gottstein B. Echinococcus granulosus strain typing in Bulgaria: the G1 genotype is predominant in intermediate and definitive wild hosts. Parasitol. Res. 2004; 93(2): 127-130.
Capuano F, Maurelli M, Rinaldi L, Perugini A, Veneziano V, et al. Cystic echinococcosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2007; 6(sup2): 915-916.
Casulli A, Manfredi MT, La Rosa G, Di Cerbo AR, Genchi C, et al. Echinococcus ortleppi and E. granulosus G1, G2 and G3 genotypes in Italian bovines. Vet Parasitol (2008); 155(1): 168-172.
Moro P, Schantz PM. Echinococcosis: a review. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009; 13(2): 125-133.
Sánchez E, Cáceres O, Náquira C, Garcia D, Patiño G, et al. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosusfrom Peru by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (2010; 105(6): 806-810.
Bardonnet K, Piarroux R, Dia L, Schneegans F, Beurdeley A, et al. Combined eco-epidemiological and molecular biology approaches to assess Echinococcus granulosus transmission to humans in Mauritania: occurrence of the ‘camel’strain and human cystic echinococcosis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2002; 96(4): 383-386.
Omer R, Dinkel A, Romig T, Mackenstedt U, Elnahas A, et al. (2010) A molecular survey of cystic echinococcosis in Sudan. Vet Parasitol 169(3): 340-346.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v14i1.730 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Echinococcus granulosus Molecular characteriza-tion NADH dehydrogenase 1 Iran | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
