Original Article

Considerable Genetic Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates in a Targeted Population in South of Iran

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to characterize genetically and to compare the most frequently occurring strains of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from southern Iran.Methods: Totally, 150 vaginal swab and urine specimens were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic women from May 2012 to Jun 2013.This study implemented a sensitive and reliable PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing method on the actin gene. Moreover, one representative sample of each identified genotype was subjected to sequencing.Results: Twenty-four T. vaginalis isolates were positive and6 distinct electrophoretic patterns (H, E, G, I, M, N) were identified. Genotypes H and I were found to be more prevalent (50 and 37.5%) in Kerman and Shiraz, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that two isolates were located as a separated clade with the other T. vaginalis isolates.Conclusion: The obtained findings showed a considerable genetic polymorphism of clinical isolates from the population studied. More studies may be warranted in future as to unveiling any possible links between a given genotype/cluster and pathogenic behavior of T. vaginalis.

WHO. Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections: Overview and estimates. WHO. 2001

Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G. Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11:300-317.

Hardick J, Yang S, Lin S, Duncan D, Gaydos C. Use of the roche lightcycler instrument in a real-time PCR for Trichomonas vaginalis in urine samples from females and males. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:5619-5622.

Hobbs MM, Lapple DM, Lawing LF et al. Methods for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in the male partners of infected women: Implications for control of trichomoniasis. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:3994-3999.

Fouts AC, Kraus SJ. Trichomonas vaginalis: Reevaluation of its clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis. J Infect Dis. 1980;141:137.

Carlton JM, Hirt RP, Silva JC et al. Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis. Science. 2007;315:207-212.

Espinosa N, Hernandez R, Lopez-Griego L, Arroyo R, Lopez-Villasenor I. Differences between coding and non-coding regions in the Trichomonas vaginalis genome: An actin gene as a locus model. Acta Trop. 2001;78:147-154.

Drouin G, De Sa MM, Zuker M. The Giardia lamblia actin gene and the phylogeny of eukaryotes. J Mol Evol. 1995;41:841-849.

Vanacova s, Tachezy JAN, Kulda J, Flegr J. Characterization of trichomonad species and strains by PCR fingerprinting. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1997;44:545-552.

Meade JC, de Mestral J, Stiles JK, Secor WE, Finley RW, Cleary JD, Lushbaugh WB. Genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates determined by ecori restriction fragment length polymorphism of heat-shock protein 70 genes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80:245-251.

Crucitti T, Abdellati S, Van Dyck E, Buve A. Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Clin Microbiol Infec. 2008;14:844-852.

Singh B. Molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiological studies of parasitic infections. Int J Parasitol. 1997;27:1135-1145.

Matini M, Rezaeian M, Mohebali M et al. Genotyping of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates in iran by using single stranded conformational polymorphism-PCR technique and internal transcribed spacer regions. Trop Biomed. 2012;29:605-612.

Momeni Z, Sadraei J, Kazemi B, Dalimi A. Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-RFLP in iran. Exp Parasitol. 2015;159:259-263.

Valadkhani Z, Kazemi F, Hassan N, Aghighi Z, Esmaili I, Talebi M. Gene diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates. Iran J Parasitol. 2011;6:101-106.

Falahati M, Akhlaghi L, Abianeh M, Assadi M, Nami S, Fateh R. Prevalence of Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in women. Life Sci J. 2013;10

Wasas AD, Huebner RE, Klugman KP. Use of dorset egg medium for maintenance and transport of Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:2045-2046.

Clark C, Diamond L. Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15:329-341.

Conrad MD, Gorman AW, Schillinger JA et al. Extensive genetic diversity, unique population structure and evidence of genetic exchange in the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Plos Neglect Trop D. 2012;6:e1573.

Conrad M, Zubacova Z, Dunn LA, Upcroft J, Sullivan SA, Tachezy J, Carlton JM. Microsatellite polymorphism in the sexually transmitted human pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis indicates a genetically diverse parasite. Mol Biochem Parasit. 2011;175:30-38.

Rivera WL, Ong VA, Masalunga MC. Molecular characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from the philippines. Parasitol Res. 2009;106:105-110.

Stiles JK, Shah PH, Xue L, Meade JC, Lushbaugh WB, Cleary JD, Finley RW. Molecular typing of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by hsp70 restriction fragment length polymorphism. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62:441-445.

Kaul P, Gupta I, Sehgal R, Malla N. Trichomonas vaginalis: Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women in india. Parasitol Int. 2004;53:255-262.

Cornelius DC, Robinson DA, Muzny CA, Mena LA, Aanensen DM, Lushbaugh WB, Meade JC. Genetic characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by use of multilocus sequence typing. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50:3293-3300.

Matini M, Rezaie S, Mohebali M, Maghsood AH, Rabiee S, Fallah M, Rezaeian M. Genetic identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by using the actin gene and molecular based methods. Iran J Parasitol. 2014;9:329.

Snipes LJ, Gamard PM, Narcisi EM, Beard CB, Lehmann T, Secor WE. Molecular epidemiology of metronidazole resistance in a population of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3004-3009.

Files
IssueVol 12 No 2 (2017) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
Keywords
Trichomoniasis PCR-RFLP Actin gene Genotypes Iran
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
TAVAKOLI OLIAEE R, BABAEI Z, HATAM GR, TAVAKOLI KARESHK A, MAHMOUDVAND H, VAFAFAR A, ZIAALI N. Considerable Genetic Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates in a Targeted Population in South of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2017;12(2):251-259.