Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Dogs and Cats in Eastern China
Abstract
Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common opportunistic pathogen found in both humans and animals. As companion animals live in close contact with human being, they may act as a zoonotic reservoir and play an important role in transmitting this parasite to humans. We evaluated the prevalence, genotypic diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in dogs and cats in eastern China during Apr to Dec 2013.
Methods: Fecal specimens from 315 dogs and 143 cats from veterinary hospitals in eastern China were examined in 2015 by internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR.
Results: E. bieneusi was detected in 8.6% of canine and in 1.4% of feline samples. Seven genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, including four known genotypes (PtEb IX, EbpC, Type IV and D) and three novel genotypes, named CHD1, CHD2 and CHD3. The dominant genotype in dogs was PtEbIX (59.3%; n=16/27). Five (CHD1, EbpC, CHD2, D and Type IV) of the seven genotypes were in the so-called zoonotic group 1, whereas genotypes PtEbIX belonged to the dog-specific group and genotypes CHD3 were placed in group 2.
Conclusion: Dogs are predominately infected with host-specific genotypes of E. bieneusi, and the finding of several zoonotic genotypes in dogs and cats reminds us of potentially zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis.
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17. Sulaiman IM, Fayer R, Lal AA et al. Molecular characterization of microsporidia indicates that wild mammals harbor host-adapted Enterocytozoon spp. as well as human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 ; 69(8):4495-501..
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19. Santín M, Cortés Vecino JA, Fayer R. Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dogs in Bogotá, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 79(2):215-7.
20. Santín M, Trout JM, Vecino JA et al. Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Ogota (Colombia) and genotyping of isolates. Vet Parasitol. 2006; 141(3-4):334-9.
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22. Dengjel B, Zahler M, Hermanns W et al. Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. J Clin Microbiol.2001; 39(12):4495-9.
23. Lobo ML, Xiao L, Cama V et al. Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in mammals in Portugal. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2006; 53 Suppl 1:S61-4.
24. Mathis A, Breitenmoser AC, Deplazes P. Detection of new Enterocytozoon genotypes in fecal samples of farm dogs and a cat. Parasite. 1999; ;6(2):189-93.
25. Hu Y, Feng Y, Huang C, Xiao L. Occurrence, source, and human infection potential of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in drinking source water in Shanghai, China, during a pig carcass disposal incident. Environ Sci Technol.2014; 48(24):14219-27.
26. Li W, Diao R, Yang J et al. High diversity of human pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in swine in northeast China. Parasitol Res.2014; 113(3):1147-53.
27. Wang L, Zhang H, Zhao X et al. Zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51(2):557-63.
28. Karim MR, Wang R, Dong H et al. Genetic polymorphism and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from nonhuman primates in China. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014; 80:1893-1898.
29. Wang L, Xiao L, Duan L et al. Concurrent infections of Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Clostridium difficile in children during a cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a pediatric hospital in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(9):e2437.
2. Thellier M, Breton J. Enterocytozoon bieneusi in human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology. Parasite.2008; 15(3):349-58.
3. Zhao W, Zhang W, Yang Z et al. Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Farmed Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus) and Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in China. PLoS One.2015; 10:e0142611.
4. Santín M, Fayer R. Microsporidiosis: Enterocytozoon bieneusi in domesticated and wild animals. Res Vet Sci. 2011; 90(3):363-71.
5. Mori H, Mahittikorn A, Thammasonthijarern N, Chaisiri K, Rojekittikhun W, Sukthana Y. Presence of zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats in a temple in central Thailand. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 197(3-4):696-701.
6. Karim MR, Dong H, Li T et al. Predomination and new genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive nonhuman primates in zoos in China: high genetic diversity and zoonotic significance. PLoS One. 2015; 10(2):e0117991.
7. Li W, Deng L, Yu X et al. Multilocus genotypes and broad host-range of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive wildlife at zoologicalgardens in China. Parasit Vectors.2016; 9(1):395.
8. Karim MR, Yu F, Li J et al. First molecular characterization of enteric protozoa and the human pathogenic microsporidian, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, in captive snakes in China. Parasitol Res.2014; 113(8):3041-8.
9. Guo Y, Alderisio KA, Yang W et al. Host specificity and source of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in a drinking source watershed. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014; 80(1):218-25.
10. Li N, Xiao L, Wang L et al. Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by genotyping and subtyping parasites in wastewater. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2012; 6(9):e1809.
11. Decraene V, Lebbad M, Botero-Kleiven S et al. First reported foodborne outbreak associated with microsporidia, Sweden, October 2009. Epidemiol Infect.2012;140: 519-527.
12. Santín M, Fayer R. Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype nomenclature based on the internal transcribed spacer sequence: a consensus. J Eukaryot Microbiol.2009; 56(1):34-8.
13. Xu H, Jin Y, Wu W et al. Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in Shanghai, China. Parasites Vectors.2016,9:121.
14. Zhang X, Wang Z, Su Y et al. Identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China. J Clin Microbiol. 2011 ; 49(5):2006-8.
15. Karim MR, Dong H, Yu F et al. Genetic diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi isolates from dogs and cats in China: host specificity and public health implications. J Clin Microbiol.2014; 52(9):3297-302.
16. Li W, Li Y, Song M et al. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in cats and dogs in Heilongjiang province, China. Vet Parasitol.2015; 208(3-4):125-34.
17. Sulaiman IM, Fayer R, Lal AA et al. Molecular characterization of microsporidia indicates that wild mammals harbor host-adapted Enterocytozoon spp. as well as human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 ; 69(8):4495-501..
18. Matos O, Lobo ML, Xiao L. Epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Humans. J Parasitol Res. 2012;981424.
19. Santín M, Cortés Vecino JA, Fayer R. Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dogs in Bogotá, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 79(2):215-7.
20. Santín M, Trout JM, Vecino JA et al. Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Ogota (Colombia) and genotyping of isolates. Vet Parasitol. 2006; 141(3-4):334-9.
21. Abe N, Kimata I, Iseki M.. Molecular evidence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2009; 71(2):217-9.
22. Dengjel B, Zahler M, Hermanns W et al. Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. J Clin Microbiol.2001; 39(12):4495-9.
23. Lobo ML, Xiao L, Cama V et al. Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in mammals in Portugal. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2006; 53 Suppl 1:S61-4.
24. Mathis A, Breitenmoser AC, Deplazes P. Detection of new Enterocytozoon genotypes in fecal samples of farm dogs and a cat. Parasite. 1999; ;6(2):189-93.
25. Hu Y, Feng Y, Huang C, Xiao L. Occurrence, source, and human infection potential of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in drinking source water in Shanghai, China, during a pig carcass disposal incident. Environ Sci Technol.2014; 48(24):14219-27.
26. Li W, Diao R, Yang J et al. High diversity of human pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in swine in northeast China. Parasitol Res.2014; 113(3):1147-53.
27. Wang L, Zhang H, Zhao X et al. Zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51(2):557-63.
28. Karim MR, Wang R, Dong H et al. Genetic polymorphism and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from nonhuman primates in China. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014; 80:1893-1898.
29. Wang L, Xiao L, Duan L et al. Concurrent infections of Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Clostridium difficile in children during a cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a pediatric hospital in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(9):e2437.
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| Issue | Vol 13 No 3 (2018) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotype Dogs Cats | ||
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How to Cite
1.
LI W-C, QIN J, WANG K, GU Y-F. Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Dogs and Cats in Eastern China. Iran J Parasitol. 2018;13(3):457-465.
