Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Thalassemia Patients
-
Hooman HANIFEHPOUR
,
Seyed Kamal SAMSAM SHARIAT
,
Mohammad Saleh GHAFARI
,
Farnaz KHEIRANDISH
,
Vafa SABER
,
Shirzad FALLAHI
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to the serological and molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infections and related risk factors in patients with thalassemia major and healthy controls.
Methods: This case-control study was performed in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, west of Iran from Jan 2014 to Jan 2015. Overall, 235 patients with thalassemia major and 235 healthy controls were enrolled. Assessment of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in sera samples was performed using commercial ELISA kits. In order to the molecular investigate of T. gondii in blood samples, a relatively new molecular assay, LAMP technique based on Toxoplasma SAG1 gene was conducted for the first time. The specificity of LAMP outer primers for the T. gondii detection was confirmed by sequencing the purified PCR product.
Results: 51.9% of thalassemia patients and 34.8% of healthy controls were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies, which the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In terms of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody, 3.4% of thalassemia patients and 2.1% of healthy individuals were positive, which the difference was not statistically significant (P=1). Based on SAG1-LAMP, 9.78% of the thalassemia patients and 5.95% of healthy controls were positive for T. gondii DNA, which the difference was not statistically significant (P≤0.230).
Conclusion: Thalassemia patients, probably due to repeated blood transfusion and consequently, immune deficiency, are at risk of transmitting Toxoplasma infection more than healthy people. Therefore, screening of Toxoplasma infection in blood transfusion centers may be effective in the prevention of toxoplasmosis in these patients.
Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis, a waterborne zoonosis. Vet Parasitol. 2004;126: 57–72.
Lau YL, Meganathan P, Sonaimuthu P, et al. Specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnosis of active toxoplasmosis by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method using blood samples from patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48: 3698–702.
Sotiriadou I, Karanis P. Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water samples and comparative findings by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence test (IFT). Diag Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008; 62: 357–65.
Karanis P, Ongerth J. LAMP–a powerful and flexible tool for monitoring microbial pathogens. Trends Parasitol. 2009; 25:11.
William J, Beut ler E, Thomas J. William’s Hematology. 9th Ed, McGraw Hill, NY. 2015; l: 547-74.
Wilson WEC, Kirkpatric CH, Talmage DW. Suppression of immunologic responsiveness in uremia. Int Med. 1965;62:1-14.
Ghaffari J, Vahidshahi K, Kosaryan M, et al. Humeral immune system state in β thalassemia major. Med Glas Ljek Komore Zenicko-doboj kantona. 2011; 8: 192-6.
Asadov ChD. Immunologic Abnormalities in β-Thalassemia. J Blood Disorders Transf. 2014; 5:7.
Fallahi Sh, Arab Mazar Z, Ghasemian M, et al. Challenging loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii. Asian Pacific J Trop Med. 2015; 4: 366-72.
Mori Y, Nagamine K, Tomita N, et al. Detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by turbidity derived from magnesium pyrophosphate formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001; 289: 150–4.
Fallahi Sh, Seyyed Tabaei SJ, Pournia Y, et al. Comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and nested-PCR assay targeting the RE and B1 gene for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in blood samples of children with leukaemia. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 79: 347–54.
Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans, 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 2010; 313.
Arab-Mazar Z, Fallahi Sh, Koochaki A, et al. Immunodiagnosis and molecular validation of Toxoplasma gondii-recombinant dense granular (GRA) 7 protein for the detection of toxoplasmosis in patients with cancer. Microbiol Res. 2016; 183: 53-9.
Menati Rashno M, Fallahi Sh, Kheirandish F. et al. Seroeprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 11:e37205.
Karakas S, Özlem S, Tellioglu AM et al. Investigation of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies in Beta Thalaseamia Major Patients in Aydin Province. Türkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi 2012; 36:133.
Yazar S, Yaman O, Eser B, et al. Investigation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in patients with neoplasia. J Med Microbiol. 2004; 53:1183-6.
Manouchehri Naeini K. Sero-prevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in Patients with Cryptic Epilepsy in Shahr-e-Kord using ELISA method. SKUMJ. 2011; 8: 37-41.
Bayani M, Mostafazadeh A, Oliaee F, et al. The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in hemodialysis patients. Iranian Red Cres Med J. 2013; 15: e5225.
Ghasemian M, Maraghi S, Saki J, et al. Determination of antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in patients with cancer. Iranian J Parasitol. 2007; 2:1-6.
Siyadatpanah A, Tabatabaie F, Oormazdi H, et al. Comparison of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies determined by ELISA method in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in west Mazandaran province, Iran, 2011-2012. Annals Biol Res. 2013; 4: 281-5.
Alvarado-Esquivel C, Liesenfeld O, Torres-Castorena A, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with vision and hearing impairments, cancer, HIV, or undergoing hemodialysis in Durango, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2010; 96: 505-8.
Chiang TY, Hsieh HH, Kuo MC, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection among healthy blood donors in Taiwan. PloS One 2012;7: e48139.
Nissapatorn V, Lee C, Quek KF, et al. Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients: a current situation. Japanese J Infect Dis. 2004; 57: 160-5.
Robert-Gangneux F, Dardé ML. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012; 25: 264-96.
Diaz-Suarez O, Estevez J, Garcia M, et al. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in a Yucpa Amerindian community of Sierra de Perija, Zulia state, Venezuela. Rev Med Chil. 2003; 131:1003-10.
Daryani A, Sharif M, Meigouni M. Seroprevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in HIV/AIDS patients, northern Iran. Asian Pacific J Trop Med. 2011; 4: 271-4.
Mostafavi SN, Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Isfahan province, central Iran: A population based study. J Res Med Sci. 2011; 16: 496.
Mansouri F, Hatami H, Mahdavian B, et al. Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Kermanshah province. J Kermanshah Uni Med Sci. 2003; 7: 2.
Arbabi M, Talari SA, Asmar M. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Kashan, 1993. KAUMS J. 1997; 1: 29-37.
Al-Qurashi A. Seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in rural areas in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. J Egyptian Society Parasitol. 2004; 34: 23-34.
Keshavarz H, Nateghpour M, Zibaei M. Seroepidemiologic survey of toxoplasmosis in Karaj district. Iranian J Pub Health 1998; 27:73-82.
Gebremedhin EZ, Abebe AH, Tessema TS, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women of child-bearing age in central Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13:101.
Moschen M, Stroffolini T, Arista S, et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among children and teenagers in Italy. Microbiol. 1991; 14: 229-34.
Omrani VF, Fallahi Sh, Rostami A, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated clinical symptoms among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Infect. 2015; 43: 537-44.
Fallahi Sh, Rostami A, Mohammadi M, et al. Practical parasitology courses and infection with intestinal parasites in students. J Infect Pub Health 2016; 9: 654-60.
Gharavi M, Jalali S, Khademvatan S, et al. Detection of IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in renal transplant recipients using ELFA, ELISA and ISAGA methods: comparison of pre-and post-transplantation status. Annals Trop Med Parasitol. 2011; 105: 367-71.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v14i1.714 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Thalassemia major Toxoplasma gondii Serology Loop-mediated iso-thermal amplification | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
