Intestinal Protozoa in Domestic Cats (Carnivora: Felidae, Felis catus) in Northwestern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study with Prevalent of Microsporidian and Coccidian Parasites
-
Mehdi MOHEBALI
,
Zabiholah ZAREI
,
Khadijeh KHANALIHA
,
Eshrat Beigom KIA
,
Afsaneh MOTAVALLI-HAGHI
,
Jaber DAVOODI
,
Fathemeh TARIGHI
,
Mahya KHODABAKHSH
,
Mostafa REZAEIAN
Abstract
Background: In this study, some microsporidial and coccidian parasites were isolated from 103 domestic cats in the Meshkin Shahr area, northwestern Iran during the Jun 2014 to Jun 2015, and their genera were identified using parasitological methods with emphasis on their zoonotic importance.
Methods: One hundred and three fecal samples of domestic cats were collected and preserved in formalin (10%) and conserved in phosphate buffer saline solution, finally examined by microscopy after formalin-ether concentration and specific staining. Preservation in dichromate potassium (2.5%) was performed for all coccidian positive samples and then sporulated coccidian oocysts were investigated.
Results: The detected parasites were Isospora spp. 6/103(5.8%). Microsporidian spores were identified in 46/103 (44.6%) of all samples post-stained by the aniline blue staining method.
Conclusion: Microsporidial infections were more prevalent in domestic cats. Further studies are needed in the identification of microsporidial spores isolated from infected cats.
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11. Ryan NJ, Sutherland G, Coughlan K et al. A new trichrome-blue stain for detection of microsporidial species in urine, stool, and nasopharyngeal specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(12):3264-9.
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15. Henriksen SA, Pohlenz JF. Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand. 1980;22(3-4):594-6.
16. Mohebali M, Zarei Z, Khanaliha K et al. Natural Intestinal Protozoa in Rodents (Rodentia: Gerbillinae, Murinae, Cricetinae) in Northwestern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2017; 12(3): 382-8.
17. Guterbock W, Levine N. Coccidia and intestinal nematodes of East Central Illinois cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1977;170(12):1411-3.
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19. Meloni BP, Thompson R, Hopkins RM, Reynoldson JA, Gracey M. The prevalence of Giardia and other intestinal parasites in children, dogs and cats from aboriginal communities in the Kimberley. Med J Aust. 1993;158(3):157-9.
20. Stehr-Green JK, Murray G, Schantz PM, Wahlquist SP. Intestinal parasites in pet store puppies in Atlanta. Am J Public Health. 1987;77(3):345-6.
21. Blagburn BL, Lindsay DS, Vaughan JL et al. Prevalence of canine parasites based on fecal flotation. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian (USA). 1996. http://www.nal.usda.gov/
22. De Santis-Kerr AC, Raghavan M, Glickman NW et al. Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia and coccidia species of pet cats in 2003–2004. J Feline Med Surg. 2006;8(5):292-301.
23. Lopez J, Abarca K, Paredes P, Inzunza E. [Intestinal parasites in dogs and cats with gastrointestinal symptoms in Santiago, Chile]. Rev Med Chil. 2006;134(2):193-200.
24. Tzannes S, Batchelor DJ, Graham PA, Pinchbeck GL, Wastling J, German AJ. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Isospora species infections in pet cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. J Feline Med Surg. 2008;10(1):1-8.
25. Miró G, Montoya A, Jiménez S, Frisuelos C, Mateo M, Fuentes I. Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and intestinal parasites in stray, farm and household cats in Spain. Vet Parasitol. 2004;126(3):249-55.
26. Palmer CS, Thompson RA, Traub RJ, Rees R, Robertson ID. National study of the gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and cats in Australia. Vet Parasitol. 2008;151(2):181-90.
27. Carleton RE, Tolbert MK. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and gastrointestinal helminths in cats euthanized at animal control agencies in northwest Georgia. Vet Parasitol. 2004;119(4):319-26.
28. Shukla R, Giraldo P, Kraliz A, Finnigan M, Sanchez AL. Cryptosporidium spp. and other zoonotic enteric parasites in a sample of domestic dogs and cats in the Niagara region of Ontario. Can Vet J. 2006;47(12):1179-84.
29. Askari Z, Mirjalali H, Mohebali M et al. Molecular Detection and Identification of Zoonotic Microsporidia Spore in Fecal Samples of Some Animals with Close-Contact to Human. Iran J Parasitol. 2015;10(3):381-8.
30. Jamshidi S, Tabrizi AS, Bahrami M, Momtaz H. Microsporidia in household dogs and cats in Iran; a zoonotic concern. Vet Parasitol. 2012;185(2):121-3.
31. Lobo ML, Teles A, Barao DA Cunha M et al. Microsporidia detection in stools from pets and animals from the zoo in Portugal: a preliminary study. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2003;50(6):581-2.
32. Dengjel B, Zahler M, Hermanns W et al. Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(12):4495-9.
33. Santín M, Trout JM, Vecino JAC, Dubey J, Fayer R. Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Bogota (Colombia) and genotyping of isolates. Vet Parasitol. 2006;141(3):334-9.
34. Abe N, Kimata I, Iseki M. Molecular evidence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2009;71(2):217-9.
2. Mircean V, Titilincu A, Vasile C. Prevalence of endoparasites in household cat (Felis catus) populations from Transylvania (Romania) and association with risk factors. Vet Parasitol. 2010;171(1):163-6.
3. Zarei Z, Mohebali M, Heidari Z et al. Helminth Infections of Meriones persicus (Persian Jird), Mus musculus (House Mice) and Cricetulus migratorius (Grey Hamster): A Cross-Sectional Study in Meshkin-Shahr District, Northwest Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2016;11(2): 213-20.
4. Dubey JP. Intestinal protozoa infections. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1993;23(1):37-55.
5. Lindsay DS, Dubey J, Blagburn BL. Biology of Isospora spp. from humans, nonhuman primates, and domestic animals. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997;10(1):19-34.
6. Weber R, Bryan RT. Microsporidial infections in immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;19(3):517-21.
7. Mirjalali H, Mohebali M, Mirhendi H et al. Emerging Intestinal Microsporidia Infection in HIV(+)/AIDS Patients in Iran: Microscopic and Molecular Detection. Iran J Parasitol. 2014;9(2): 149-54.
8. Agholi M, Hatam GR, Motazedian MH. HIV/AIDS-associated opportunistic protozoal diarrhea. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29(1):35-41.
9. Lores B, Arias C, Lòpez-Miragaya I, Torres J, Fenoy S, del Aguila C. Molecular diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis in pediatric patients from Vigo (NW, Spain). Res Rev Parasitol. 2001;61:43-9.
10. Khanaliha K, Mirjalali H, Mohebali M, Tarighi F, Rezaeian M. Comparison of three staining methods for the detection of intestinal Microspora spp. Iran J Parasitol. 2014; 9(4):445-51.
11. Ryan NJ, Sutherland G, Coughlan K et al. A new trichrome-blue stain for detection of microsporidial species in urine, stool, and nasopharyngeal specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(12):3264-9.
12. Deplazes P, Mathis A, Weber R. Epidemiology and zoonotic aspects of microsporidia of mammals and birds. Contrib Microbiol. 2000;6:236–60.
13. Esmaeilzadeh M, Shamsfard M, Kazemi A, Khalafi S, Altome S. Prevalence of protozoa and gastrointestinal helminthes in stray cats in Zanjan province, north-west of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2009;4(3):71-5.
14. Khademvatan S, Abdizadeh R, Rahim F, Hashemitabar M, Ghasemi M, Tavalla M. Stray cats gastrointestinal parasites and its association with public health in ahvaz city, South Western of iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2014 ;7(8):e11079-.
15. Henriksen SA, Pohlenz JF. Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand. 1980;22(3-4):594-6.
16. Mohebali M, Zarei Z, Khanaliha K et al. Natural Intestinal Protozoa in Rodents (Rodentia: Gerbillinae, Murinae, Cricetinae) in Northwestern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2017; 12(3): 382-8.
17. Guterbock W, Levine N. Coccidia and intestinal nematodes of East Central Illinois cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1977;170(12):1411-3.
18. Beelitz P, Göbel E, Gothe R. [Fauna and incidence of endoparasites in kittens and their mothers from different husbandry situations in south Germany]. Tierarztl Prax. 1992;20(3):297-300.
19. Meloni BP, Thompson R, Hopkins RM, Reynoldson JA, Gracey M. The prevalence of Giardia and other intestinal parasites in children, dogs and cats from aboriginal communities in the Kimberley. Med J Aust. 1993;158(3):157-9.
20. Stehr-Green JK, Murray G, Schantz PM, Wahlquist SP. Intestinal parasites in pet store puppies in Atlanta. Am J Public Health. 1987;77(3):345-6.
21. Blagburn BL, Lindsay DS, Vaughan JL et al. Prevalence of canine parasites based on fecal flotation. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian (USA). 1996. http://www.nal.usda.gov/
22. De Santis-Kerr AC, Raghavan M, Glickman NW et al. Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia and coccidia species of pet cats in 2003–2004. J Feline Med Surg. 2006;8(5):292-301.
23. Lopez J, Abarca K, Paredes P, Inzunza E. [Intestinal parasites in dogs and cats with gastrointestinal symptoms in Santiago, Chile]. Rev Med Chil. 2006;134(2):193-200.
24. Tzannes S, Batchelor DJ, Graham PA, Pinchbeck GL, Wastling J, German AJ. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Isospora species infections in pet cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. J Feline Med Surg. 2008;10(1):1-8.
25. Miró G, Montoya A, Jiménez S, Frisuelos C, Mateo M, Fuentes I. Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and intestinal parasites in stray, farm and household cats in Spain. Vet Parasitol. 2004;126(3):249-55.
26. Palmer CS, Thompson RA, Traub RJ, Rees R, Robertson ID. National study of the gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and cats in Australia. Vet Parasitol. 2008;151(2):181-90.
27. Carleton RE, Tolbert MK. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and gastrointestinal helminths in cats euthanized at animal control agencies in northwest Georgia. Vet Parasitol. 2004;119(4):319-26.
28. Shukla R, Giraldo P, Kraliz A, Finnigan M, Sanchez AL. Cryptosporidium spp. and other zoonotic enteric parasites in a sample of domestic dogs and cats in the Niagara region of Ontario. Can Vet J. 2006;47(12):1179-84.
29. Askari Z, Mirjalali H, Mohebali M et al. Molecular Detection and Identification of Zoonotic Microsporidia Spore in Fecal Samples of Some Animals with Close-Contact to Human. Iran J Parasitol. 2015;10(3):381-8.
30. Jamshidi S, Tabrizi AS, Bahrami M, Momtaz H. Microsporidia in household dogs and cats in Iran; a zoonotic concern. Vet Parasitol. 2012;185(2):121-3.
31. Lobo ML, Teles A, Barao DA Cunha M et al. Microsporidia detection in stools from pets and animals from the zoo in Portugal: a preliminary study. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2003;50(6):581-2.
32. Dengjel B, Zahler M, Hermanns W et al. Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(12):4495-9.
33. Santín M, Trout JM, Vecino JAC, Dubey J, Fayer R. Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Bogota (Colombia) and genotyping of isolates. Vet Parasitol. 2006;141(3):334-9.
34. Abe N, Kimata I, Iseki M. Molecular evidence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2009;71(2):217-9.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v14i1.728 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Intestinal protozoa Cats Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
MOHEBALI M, ZAREI Z, KHANALIHA K, KIA EB, MOTAVALLI-HAGHI A, DAVOODI J, TARIGHI F, KHODABAKHSH M, REZAEIAN M. Intestinal Protozoa in Domestic Cats (Carnivora: Felidae, Felis catus) in Northwestern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study with Prevalent of Microsporidian and Coccidian Parasites. Iran J Parasitol. 2019;14(1):136-142.
