Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 351 361 EN Anita MOHAMMADIHA Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Abdolhossein DALIMI Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iraj SHARIFI Leishmaniasis Research Center, Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammadreza MAHMOUDI Dept. of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Asad MIRZAEI Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Adel SPOTIN Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mahmoodreza BEHRAVAN Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran Mehdi KARIMI Infectious Diseases Research Center, Microbiology Dept., Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Mohsen ARBABI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Shahram NEKOEIAN Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Reza KALANTARI Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Behzad GHORBANZADEH Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 08 2017 07 18 Background: In Iran, both forms of cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been reported; so the accurate species identification of the parasite(s) and the analysis of genetic diversity are necessary. Methods: The smears were collected from lesions samples of 654 patients with CL, who attended local health centers in 12 provinces of Iran during 2013-2015. The smears were checked for the presence of amastigotes by light microscopy. DNA of 648 Leishmania isolates, amplified by targeting a partial sequence of ITS (18S rRNA–ITS1–5.8S rRNA–ITS2) gene. Twenty-five of all the amplicons were sequenced and analyzed with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the Taq1 enzyme. Results: All the smears were positive microscopically. The PCR-RFLP analysis revealed that 176 (27%) CL patients were infected with L. tropica and, 478 (73%) with L. major. The dominant species in all over Iran is L. major. The sequencing results of all CL patients and RFLP analysis confirmed each other. Based on our phylogenetic tree, 25 ITS DNA sequences were grouped into two clusters representing L. major and L. tropica species. Phylogenetic tree derived from the ITS sequences supports a clear divergence between L. major from the other species. Conclusion: Discrimination of Iranian Leishmania isolates using ITS gene gives us this opportunity to detect, identify, and construct the phylogenetic relationship of Iranian isolates. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1479 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1479/848

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 331 341 EN Bahador SARKARI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra REZAEI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 03 07 2017 07 18 Background: Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is still challenging. This review highlighted current status and challenges in the serological diagnosis of VL. Furthermore, the drawback of currently available serological tests and the most recent advancement in the designing and application of these assays for the diagnosis of VL are addressed. Methods: All the published literature cited within PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and IranMedex, regarding the immunodiagnosis of VL in human were sought from 2000 till Mar 2017. The search terms were “visceral leishmaniasis”, or “kala-azar" subsequently combined with the search terms "diagnosis", "serodiagnosis", "human", "serological", "antigen detection" or "antibody detection". Data were extracted from literature which fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Results: Direct agglutination test (DAT) and rk39 dipstick have made a great improvement in the serological diagnosis of VL. Besides, other kinesin-related protein including K26, K28, and KE16 provided promisingly diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of VL. The Latex Agglutination Test for the diagnosis of VL (KAtex), with moderate sensitivity but high specificity, made a substantial contribution to the field. Moreover, a range of protein antigens has recently been detected in the urine of VL patients with encouraging diagnostic value. Conclusion: The suboptimal diagnostic accuracy of the currently available serological assays for the diagnosis of human VL necessitates further research and development in this field. Outcomes of immunodiagnostic tests based on recombinant antigens are favorable. These proteins might be the most appropriate antigens to be further evaluated and utilized for the diagnosis of human VL. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1543 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1543/846

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 26 500 504 Anahita NOSRATI Hematopathology-Molecular and Cytogenetic Unit, Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Eissa SOLEYMANI Research Committee, Razi Educational Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Lotfollah DAVOODI Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2018 09 29 Echinococcus granulosus has been described as the common etiology of hydatid cysts in many parts of the world. A 54-yr-old female with lower abdominal pain referred to Gynecology Ward of Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iran in 2016. Sonography was carried out and cysts in ovaries and liver were observed. The cysts of liver seemed to be hydatidosis but physicians were suspected about ovarian cystic mass. Anti-Echinococcus antibodies (ELISA) screen was positive. The operation was done on her and treatment by albendazole started one week before surgery and continued after discharge from the hospital. Pathology confirmed hydatidosis in ovary, also patient follow-up was performed for three months by abdominal CT scan that showed peritoan full of many small hydatid cysts. Uncommon locations for constitution of hydatid cysts such as ovary and peritoan often make the diagnosis very difficult. Hydatidosis is considered in differential diagnosis of any cysts of the entire body, especially in endemic countries such as Iran. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2320 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2320/872

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 473 479 EN Afsaneh MOTEVALLI HAGHI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepide MORADI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi NATEGHPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamhossein EDRISSIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 11 07 2017 07 18 Background: Although Plasmodium vivax is usually known as benign malaria, some variations of the parasite can result in acute and sever infection. In this study we tried to determine some genetic variations in PvAMA-1 antigen among the samples were collected form southeastern Iran. Methods: About two ml blood samples were collected into EDTA pre-dosed tubes from 30 P. vivax–infected patients individually between 2011 and 2013. A Giemsa stained thick and thin blood film was prepared from each of the patients. A PCR-RFLP technique was employed using EcoR-1, Pvu-II and Hind3 restriction enzymes to determine the allelic variations of the antigen. Results: A 1300bp gene corresponding to PvAMA-1 was selected for the amplification process. Among the total cases identified in this study 90% showed similar bounds when exposed to the restriction enzymes. Nine isolates (accession numbers: KF435081-KF435083 and JF682785-JF682790) were identified and registered in Gene bank. Identity among isolates was more than 96% in nucleotide level. Dendrogram clarified a close relationship among the clusters in spite of geographical distribution of the parasite. Conclusion: This study increased our data about prevalence and variation of PvAMA-1 alleles amongst P. vivax isolates in southeastern parts of Iran where besides native population bears considerable Afghan and Pakistani immigrants. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1285 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1285/862

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 510 511 EN Yixia CHEN College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030, China Juntao DING College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, P.R. China 2017 11 08 2018 01 15 Extracellular Vesicles: A More Layer of the Complexity of Hydatid Fluid Contents and Functions https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1866 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1866/867

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 362 368 EN Yue GUO School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China Hong Chang ZHOU School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China Ying DONG School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China Ting ZHANG School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China Yu Yang SUN School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China Jian Feng ZHONG Infectious Diseases Dept., Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China Yu Liang CAO Intensive Medicine, No.98 Hospital of PLA, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China Sheng Wen SHAO School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China Yong Liang PAN School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China Hai Yan DONG School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China 2018 04 03 2018 09 23 Background: Pomacea canaliculata (P.canaliculata) lung nodules, were commonly caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. Here, we found a new nodule type without any parasites. Methods: Overall, 447 P. canaliculata snails were collected in Ning Bo, Zhe Jiang, China in 2018. In order to exhibit the similarities and differences between two nodules types (2018, Huzhou Zhejiang, China), both types were collected in formalin for tissue pathological sectioning. Besides, to obtain the microbial community of the new nodule, the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of it was amplified and analyzed using the Illumina second-generation sequencing platform. Results: Although two nodules were found in the lungs of P. canaliculata, they were different in shape and pathology. Illumina sequencing indicated Poterioochromonas sp., a species of golden algae, might be the causing agent of the new nodule. Conclusion: We firstly found a new pathological nodule type in the lungs of P. canaliculata, and this nodule might be induced by golden algae infection, however, the direct link between the golden algae and the new nodules, as well as the nodules’ impact on the snails’ physiology and A. cantonensis infection require further study. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2073 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2073/849

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 342 350 EN Vladimir SERGIEV Dept. of Tropical Medicine and Parasitic Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia Anatoly KONDRASHIN Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia Sergei LITVINOV Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia Lola MOROZOVA Dept. of Tropical Medicine and Parasitic Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia Natalia TURBABINA Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia Ekaterina STEPANOVA Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia Maria MAKSIMOVA Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia Sergei SHEVCHENKO Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia Evgeny MOROZOV Dept. of Tropical Medicine and Parasitic Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia AND Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia 2017 03 07 2017 08 27 BACKGROUND. All types of the Old World’s leishmaniasis were endemic on the territoru of the ex-Soviet Republics in the Central Asia and Transcaucasia. Epidemiological situation was well under control during the USSR era, due to implementation of complex anti-leismaniasis measures. These interventions were dramatically stopped as a result of the collapse of the USSR in 1991. Within next years the incidence of leishmaniasis returned to the level of the 1950s threatening to reach epidemic proportions unless urgent measures are undertaking. METHODS. Most relevant publications on epidemiology and control of leishmaniases in the Republics of Central Asia  and Transcaucasia  of the ex-USSR were screened. Data from foreign publications, especially from countries with similar or close to that epidemiological situation in respect of leishmaniases were also included. RESULTS. Epidemiological analysis of spatial distribution of leishmaniases in the ex-USSR revealed that the northern borderline of these diseases is determined by the distribution of the vectors (42-460 North latitude). Within the endemic area, the foci of different kinds of leishmaniasis are often overlapped thus calling for deployment of integrated measures. The anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) was reported in settlements and towns of Central Asia and Transcaucasia of the ex-USSR. The natural foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis were widespread in the desert of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, southern Kazakhstan, and southern Tajikistan. The northern boundary of the zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) area coincided with the northern boundary of the distribution of great gerbils – the main reservoir of this infection in the ex-USSR. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occurred in the Central Asian Republics and in the republics of the Transcaucasia. The strategies of control and prevention of leishmaniases in the ex-USSR were based on good knowledge of epidemiology of infections. Holistic approach was adopted by the programs targeting the source of infection, vector(s) and man. CONCLUSION. The presence rise in the number of cases of different types of leishmaniasis in the ex-USSR strongly necessitates that health authorities should consider these diseases as an important public health problem. The immediate task would be re-building a comprehensive surveillance system consisting of active and passive case detection mechanism along with immediate treatment of the patients. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1540 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1540/847

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 505 509 EN Sara MOHAMMAD ALI GOL Behbood Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed MIRJALALI Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid ASADZADEH AGHDAEI Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza ZALI Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 03 04 2017 07 12 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is attributed to complex conditions of gastrointestinal tract that is frequently reported all over the world. Fecal calprotectin evaluation is described as a primary tool to screen IBD patients. There are reports showing the confounding role of some microbial agents in diagnostic levels of calprotectin. A 32-yr-old woman with symptoms like IBD/IBS (irritable bowel syndrome); admitted to IBD Clinic of Behbood Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Jan 2017 for evaluation of the level of fecal calprotectin. In spite of high level of calprotectin, trophozoite of Giardia intestinalis was observed in direct examination of stool sample. Microbial pathogens can lead to false elevation of fecal calprotectin and misdiagnosis of gastrointestinal patients suspected to IBD. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1539 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1539/866

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 480 485 EN Seyed Reza TABARIPOUR Dept. of Cellular and Molecular, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran Mohammad Reza YOUSSEFI Dept. of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran Seyed Mohammad HOSSEINI Dept. of Pathology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran 2016 08 05 2018 09 24 Background: The jungle cats (Felis chaus) are native to Asia, and found in Iran. Although north of Iran has a wide distribution of jungle cats, there is not any data about prevalence of parasitic infections in the population of these cats. Methods: From 2012 to 2015, seven specimens of the wild jungle cat (Felis chaus) from north of Iran, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran were collected and examined for their endoparasites and pathological lesions which were caused by the parasites. Results: Parasitological evaluations showed several species of endoparasites in the small intestine of cats including nematode (Toxocara cati), trematode (Alaria alata), and cestode (Mesocestoides lineatus). All of the examined jungle cats were infected to parasitic infections. From the total number of 7 jungle cats T. cati was found in 6 cats, A. alata in 1 cat, and M. lineatus was recovered from 3 cats. Histopathological samples displayed necrosis, vacuolar degeneration, atrophy, destruction of tissue, hyperemia, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the intestine tissue. Conclusion: This study for the first reported T. cati, A. alata, and M. lineatus and their pathologic effects in the small intestine of jungle cat. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1120 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1120/863

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 512 514 EN Seyed Mahmoud SADJJADI Dept. Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2018 06 10 2018 09 24 Comment on “Zoonotic and Non-zoonotic Parasites of Wild Rodents in Turkman Sahra, Northeastern Iran” https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2170 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2170/868

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 369 372 EN Alireza LATIFI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam NIYYATI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Javad SEYYED TABAEI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farid TAHVILDAR BIDEROUNI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali HAGHIGHI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zohreh LASJERDI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 02 2017 08 27 Background: The main aim of the present research was to develop the experimental meningo encephalitis due to Naegleria australiensis isolated from geothermal water sources in mice model, November 2017 in Iran. Methods: Naegleria australiensis was isolated from geothermal water sources in northern Iran. The number of amoebae was adjusted to be 1×104/ml amoebae. The experimental infection was done using 3 wk old male (BALB/c) mice. Seven animals were used for experimental amebic infection and one animal was selected for the control. Intranasal (IN) and intracerebral (IC) inoculation of amoebae were done. The mice were then monitored on daily observation and as soon as they present any brain involvement they sacrificed. The brain of all animals was then dislocated and passaged in non-nutrient agar. Results: One mouse out of seven infected mice were showed clinical symptoms of meningoencephalitis. Within few hours of culture of the brain, many vegetative forms of amoebae were detected in plate culture. The other infected animals and control mice showed no clinical symptoms until day 14. After 14 d all the animals sacrificed. The culture was negative up to one month. Conclusion: The lack of brain involvement of other animals in the present study could be due to animal immune system or it may be possible that the amoebae did not reach to olfactory bulb of nostrils. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1593 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1593/850

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 486 492 EN Jaber DAVOODI Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical and Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Saeid ABBASI-MALEKI Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran 2017 02 26 2017 07 18 Background: Giardiasis, an intestinal infection, is made by the flagellate protozoan and on the other hand, positive effects of plants derivatives, especially phenolic derivatives, against giardiasis. The effect of Origanum vulgare (OV) hydroalcoholic extract is still uninvestigated. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of OV hydroalcoholic extract on Giardia lamblia cysts compared with metronidazole in vitro. Methods: The present experimental study was conduct­ed in 2015-2016 in the Laboratory of Department of Parasi­tology of Islamic Azad University (Abhar Branch, Abhar, Iran). Cysts separated from feces by Bingham procedure were calculated by using the Hemusytumetr method. Five hundred µl of concentrations of 10, 100 and 200 mg/ml of OV hydroalcoholic extract and also125 mg/kg of metronidazole were added to the purified cysts of giardia. Control group was treated with normal saline. Anti-Giardia activity was calculated by using the light microscope for 30, 60 and 120 min and after exposure to eosin stain. Results: The results indicated anti-Giardia activity of OV hydroalcoholic extract and the best response was achieved at higher levels so that there were no significant differences among OV groups at levels of 200 mg/kg with metronidazole (P>0.05). Conclusion: The anti-Giardia activity of Origanum vulgare extract is may due to the presence of phenolic compounds present in it. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1510 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1510/864

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 373 381 EN Parisa MOUSAVI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein MIRHENDI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeedeh SHOJAEE Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein KESHAVARZ VALIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shirzad FALLAHI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Setareh MAMISHI Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 02 05 2018 09 23 Background: Toxoplasma gondii, cause severe medical complications in infants and immune-compromised individuals. As using early, sensitive and rapid technique has major in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, the present study was aimed to detect parasite by using from repetitive element (RE) and B1genes, in blood samples of seropositive immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. Methods: A total of 110 peripheral blood samples were collected from seropositive cases with anti-T. gondii antibodies, including immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. DNA was extracted by a commercial kit and subjected to TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay by using primers and probes specific for RE and B1 genes, separately. The data were analyzed by Kappa test and SPSS-22 software. Results: In the pregnant women, 17 (68%) and 14 (56%) samples from 25 IgM+/ IgG+ cases and, 7 (25%) and 6 (21.4%) samples from 28 IgG+/IgM- cases were positive by RE and B1 real time PCR, respectively. Likewise, in immunocompromised group, 20 (66.6%) and 17 (56.6%) samples from 30 IgM+/ IgG+ cases and 2 (7.4%) and 2 (7.4%) samples from 27 IgG+/ IgM- cases were positive by RE and B1 real time PCR, respectively. Conclusion: Probe-based real time PCR assay is a quantitative approach for early diagnosis of T. gondii infection in clinical samples. Moreover, this method can be more appropriate in diagnosis of acute and reactivated toxoplasmosis. In addition our results indicated that RE gene is more sensitive than B1 gene. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1988 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1988/870

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 382 391 EN Amir TAVAKOLI KARESHK Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Razieh TAVAKOLI OLIAEE Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Hossein MAHMOUDVAND Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorammabad, Iran Amir KEYHANI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Ali MOHAMMADI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mehdi BAMOROVAT Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Ali HAJHOSSEINI School of Veterinary Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Naser ZIA-ALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2016 12 28 2017 07 18 Background:This study was designed to isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from camels by bioassay method in mice model and detect parasitic DNA in brain mice by molecular methods. Methods:A total of 100 tissue samples including heart(n=50),and diaphragm(n=50) were obtained from camels(n=50) slaughtered in abattoirs from three provinces located in eastern Iran.Bioassay method was done in positive MAT camels and Nested PCR performed in tissue samples to amplify the B1 and GRA6 genes. The existence of polymorphic restriction sites for endonuclease MseI was used with PCR-RFLP method and Sequencing analysis to evaluate the prevalence of type strains (I, II and III) Results: Totally,13(26 %) tissue samples of camels were found positive for the T. gondii B1 gene, including 7(14%) diaphragm,6(12%) heart. Moreover,3(6%) tissue samples of camels were found positive with GRA6 gene for T. gondii. There are three genotypes and mix genotype using MseI enzyme among all positive samples. Conclusion: The obtained results for the first time demonstrated the presence of T. gondii DNA in the tissues of camels from east of Iran. Since consumption of meat camels are raising in Iran, there may be a high risk of contamination through consumption of products from these hosts due to their susceptibility to the infection.   https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1366 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1366/852

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 26 392 398 Marjaneh AGHDASI Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh GHAFFARIFAR Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh FOROOGHI Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran Abdol Hossein DALIMI ASL Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran Zohre SHARIFI Research Center of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran Nahid MASPI Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2018 09 29 Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common infection all around the world. During pregnancy; it may lead to congenital disorders or abortion in human and animals. Severe damage of toxoplasmosis indicates to require effective vaccine. One of dense granules antigen is GRA4 that secrete from tachyzoite and bradyzoite. GRA4 genome is unique without intron and is one of the major immunogenic proteins from Toxoplasma gondii. Methods: We confirmed the cloning of GRA4 gene into pcDNA3 by restriction enzyme and PCR of GRA4 gene with pcGRA4 plasmids as template. Then with using calcium- phosphate method we transfected the pcGRA4 into CHO (Chinesehamster ovary) cells. The yielded protein was separated by SDS-PAGE and moved by electroblotting to nitrocellulose paper. Results: Result of SDS-PAGE analysis showed the appearance of band approximately 42 kDa which was absent in the negative control, that was able to identify toxoplasmosis antibody IgM+ serum in western blot analysis. Conclusion: pcGRA4 plasmid is able to synthesis of antigenic protein in CHO cells. The ability of pcGRA4 for induction of protective immune response against toxoplasmosis will be evaluated in mouse model. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2319 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2319/871

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 399 405 EN Sharba KAUSAR Section of Parasitology, Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India Wajihullah KHAN Section of Parasitology, Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India 2016 12 14 2018 09 23 Background: Bovine filariid, Setaria cervi may cause serious pathological condition such as cerebrospinal nematodiasis in sheep, goat and horses. Since TCA cycle enzymes have certain biological functions that make them essential for the survival of parasite and therefore, efficacy of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), nitazoxanide (NTZ) and a nanocomposite of nitazoxanide and silver nanoparticles (NTZ+AgNPs) was assessed on succinate, malate and isocitrate dehydrogenases in the microfilariae (mf) and adult S. cervi worms. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India during 2015-2016. Adult and microfilariae of S. cervi were incubated in 100 mg/ml of DEC, NTZ, and NTZ+AgNPs for 24 and 6 h, respectively at 37 °C. Succinate, malate and isocitrate dehydrogenases were localized by putting the mf and adult worms in the incubating medium containing their respective substrates at 37 °C for 2 h followed by counterstaining in 2% methylene green for 15 min. Results: Maximum inhibition of TCA cycle enzymes was observed in both microfilariae and adult worms treated with nanocomposite of NTZ-AgNPs. Ruptured sheath along with nanoparticles sticking to the body surface was noticed in NTZ+AgNPs treated microfilariae. Conclusion: NTZ+AgNPs proved most effective synergistic combination against TCA cycle enzymes which blocked the isocitrate and malate dehydrogenase almost completely, and succinate dehydrogenase to large extent in both microfilariae as well as adult worms of S. cervi. AgNPs ruptured the sheath and allowed the NTZ to attach and penetrate the main body to exert maximum effect on the enzymes. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1336 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1336/853

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 406 415 EN Kourosh CHERAGHIPOUR Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Laleh SHARIATI Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Hossein KHANAHMAD Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Dept. of Genetics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mazdak GANJALIKHANI-HAKEMI Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Abbas MORIDNIA Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Mina MIRIAN Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Nader PESTEHCHIAN Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2017 04 24 2017 08 27 Background: Toxoplasma gondii can infect a wide range of mammalians, especially humans. It controls several intracellular signals for the inhibition of apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the apoptogenic effect of cisplatin and sodium azide on T. gondii infected HeLa cells and isolate apoptotic bodies (blebs) as a potent stimulator of the immune system. Methods: The cytotoxic properties of cisplatin and sodium azide (NaN3) on HeLa cells were evaluated by MTT assay. Moreover, the apoptogenic activity of cisplatin and NaN3 was studied using flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI double staining) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, apoptotic bodies were separated by centrifugation. Results: MTT assay data showed that the survival rate of cells treated with different concentration of NaN3 was significantly reduced, compared to negative control groups. Concerning cisplatin, only concentration of 20 μM had not a significant impact on the cell viability; however, the other concentration of cisplatin significantly reduced cell viability, compared to negative control groups. The level of early apoptosis in uninfected HeLa cells was higher compared to infected HeLa cells treated with cisplatin and NaN3. Finally, apoptotic bodies were separated from T. gondii infected HeLa cells treated with cisplatin. Conclusion: Apoptosis was induced in both uninfected and infected HeLa cells with T. gondii and apoptotic bodies were isolated from infected cells. Therefore, further studies on apoptotic bodies are required in order to find a proper candidate for vaccine preparation against T. gondii infections. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1587 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1587/854

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 416 422 EN Samira DODANGEH Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Davoud AZAMI Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ahmad DARYANI Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Shirzad GHOLAMI Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mehdi Sharif Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iraj MOBEDI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahabeddin SARVI Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Eissa SOLEYMANI Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mohammad Taghi RAHIMI Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Majid PIRESTANI Dept. of Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Shaban GOHARDEHI Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Reza BASTANI Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2017 03 12 2018 09 23 Background: Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are distributed worldwide and found in many parts of Iran. Although S. scrofa is reservoirs for many parasites, there is little data on helminthic prevalence in them. We aimed to survey the status of helminthic infections in S. scrofa in the Mazandaran Province of northern Iran. Methods: Twenty-one wild boars were captured and examined for helminth infection during Dec 2012-Mar 2014. Adult worms such as Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus were identified by helminth size and shape, and the arrangement of the proboscis hooks. The sedimentation and flotation techniques were used to detect parasite eggs and larvae in faecal samples. Muscle samples were also surveyed for Trichinella larvae by artificial digestion method. Results: Of the 21 samples, 13 (61.9%) were infected with one or more helminth species. Seven helminth types were identified in the alimentary track, comprising 5 nematodes, 1 trematode, and 1 acanthocephalan, with prevalence rates of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (57.14%), Globocephalus spp. (33.33%), Trichuris suis (19.04), Gongylonema pulchrum (14.28%), Fasciola hepatica (14.28%), Dioctophyma renale (4.76%), and Ascaris suum (4.76%). Conclusion: Wild boars might be involved in transmitting zoonotic parasites to humans. The abundance of these animals near human habitation creates favorable conditions for infection. So the risk of parasitic helminth diseases increases in other animals and humans. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1542 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1542/855

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 423 429 EN Mohammad MATINI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Maliheh ROOSTAEI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohammad FALLAH Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Amir Hossein MAGHSOOD Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Massoud SAIDIJAM Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Majid FASIHI HARANDI Dept. of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2017 08 12 2017 11 20 Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection and considered as a major economic and public health concern worldwide. This research was conducted to determine genotypic characteristics of livestock and human hydatid cyst isolates from Hamadan area, western Iran. Methods: Sampling was conducted in Hamadan industrial slaughterhouse and Beast Hospital of Hamadan City, western Iran, from 2015 to 2016. Overall, 74 livestock isolates including 69 sheep, 3 cattle and 2 goats and 9 human hydatid cysts were genotyped by PCR amplification of the rDNA ITS1 region and followed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with four restriction endonuclease enzymes, RsaI, HpaII, AluI, and TaqΙ, and sequencing. Results: The PCR amplicon size of each isolate was approximately 1 kb which was the same with that of sheep strain. According to the RFLP patterns, the isolates belonged to a single species, E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1–G3 complex). Furthermore, sequencing of representative amplicons confirmed that the RFLP-genotyped isolates corresponded to E. granulosus sensu stricto. Conclusion: E. granulosus sensu stricto is the prevailing species of E. granulosus sensu lato in the region and pointed out the importance of sheep/dog cycle in human transmission. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1726 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1726/856

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 430 439 EN Qasem ASGARI Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iraj MOHAMMADPOUR Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Razieh PIRZAD Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohsen KALANTARI Research Center for Health Sciences, Mamasani Higher Education Complex for Health, Shiraz University of Medi-cal Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Hossein MOTAZEDIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Shahrbanou NADERI Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2017 02 07 2018 09 23 Background: Toxoplasmosis is a global zoonotic disease that causes critical medical complications in neonates and immunocompromised persons. Infection rates in cats, specifically stray cats, are believed to be the best sentry of the level of Toxoplasma gondii in the environment. Therefore, in this study, we surveyed T. gondii infection in stray cats of Shiraz, one of the metropolises of Iran. Methods: The appearance of antibodies and DNA of T. gondii in samples from 145 stray cats was determined in order to appraise the prevalence of T. gondii infection, by MAT and Nested-PCR. Results: The rate of T. gondii infection in the cats was 69% by PCR and 82.8% by MAT. Besides, the highest rate of infection was discerned in diaphragm (37.9%) and intercostal muscle (34.5%), while the lowest rate was related to ileum (6.9%). Moreover, the similarity between MAT with titers 1:20, 1:40 and PCR were 79.2% and 86.2%, respectively (P=0.02 and P=0.0001). Conclusion: Nested-PCR and MAT are valuable techniques for molecular and serological detection of T. gondii. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in stray cats in Shiraz is high. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1473 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1473/857

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 440 447 EN Ahmad ABOLGHAZI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aliehsan HEIDARI Dept. of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Vahideh MOIN-VAZIRI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali HAGHIGHI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Javad SEYYED TABAEI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein KESHAVARZ Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeedeh SHOJAEE Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 29 2018 09 23 Background: Vivax malaria is more prevalent in the malarious areas of Iran, which makes vaccine research a high priority. Serine Repeat Antigens (SERA) have essential role in the parasite life cycle and high expression profiles of PvSERA5 make it suitable vaccine candidates. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of C-terminal region of PvSERA5 in Iranian isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Sistan and Baluchistan. Methods: Totally, 49 blood samples were taken from symptomatic malaria patients in Sistan and Baluchistan Province in 2016. Mono-infection to P. vivax was confirmed by 18srRNA-Nested-PCR. Genomic DNA was extracted and C-terminal region of PvSERA5 was amplified by specific primers. PCR-products have been sequenced and analysis was done by using bioinformatics software, mainly DnaSP & MEGA5. Results: Genetic diversity was calculated 14.8% in C-terminal region of PvSERA5 in Iranian isolates, 19 different sequences and 4 haplotypes existed. The amount of Tajima’s D (0.3805) and ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutation (1.82) showed that C-terminal region of PvSERA5 is under positive natural selection; also intragenic recombination could interfere. Conclusion: Results could be helpful in any research, regarding this antigen as vaccine candidate in Iran or worldwide. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1609 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1609/858

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 23 448 456 EN Kıvanç IRAK Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey Burçak Aslan ÇELİK Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey Zelal KARAKOÇ Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey Özgür Yaşar ÇELİK Dept. of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey Nihat MERT Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Nihat Mert Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Mustafa Oğuzhan KAYA Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey 2018 06 15 2018 09 23 Background: Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI), nitric oxide (NO), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) levels, paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase (ARES) activities, and biochemical changes were studied on sheep with cystic echinococcosis. Methods: The materials were taken from 2-3 yr old sheep slaughtered in Van Province, Turkey in 2017. Before the slaughter, blood samples were collected from the healthy sheep, while various organs of animals were examined for hydatid cysts after the slaughter. Thirty sheep were protoscolex positive, hydatic group, while 30 sheep that did not have any pathological lesions in organ examinations were accepted as the control group. TOS levels, PON1 and ARES activities, and Zn levels were determined by commercial kits, while Cu levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The collected data were then statistically analyzed. Results: Serum TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher in sheep with cystic echinococcosis compared to the control group (P<0.001). TAS levels (P<0.01), PON1 and ARES activities, on the other hand, were significantly higher in control group compared to the cystic echinococcosis group (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in Zn, NO and Cu levels between the groups. Conclusion: PON1 and ARES activities increased in sheep infected with cyst hydatid. The decline of antioxidant reserves in the metabolism results in excessive amounts of free radicals, along with alterations of the normal histological structure of the cystic organ and changes in trace element metabolism. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2186 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2186/859

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 457 465 EN Wen-Chao LI College of Animal Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China Jie QIN Chuzhou City Vocation College, Fengyang 233100, China Kai WANG College of Animal Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China You-Fang GU College of Animal Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China 2017 02 04 2017 07 18 Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common opportunistic pathogen found in both humans and animals. As companion animals live in close contact with human being, they may act as a zoonotic reservoir and play an important role in transmitting this parasite to humans. We evaluated the prevalence, genotypic diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in dogs and cats in eastern China during Apr to Dec 2013. Methods: Fecal specimens from 315 dogs and 143 cats from veterinary hospitals in eastern China were examined in 2015 by internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR. Results: E. bieneusi was detected in 8.6% of canine and in 1.4% of feline samples. Seven genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, including four known genotypes (PtEb IX, EbpC, Type IV and D) and three novel genotypes, named CHD1, CHD2 and CHD3. The dominant genotype in dogs was PtEbIX (59.3%; n=16/27). Five (CHD1, EbpC, CHD2, D and Type IV) of the seven genotypes were in the so-called zoonotic group 1, whereas genotypes PtEbIX belonged to the dog-specific group and genotypes CHD3 were placed in group 2. Conclusion: Dogs are predominately infected with host-specific genotypes of E. bieneusi, and the finding of several zoonotic genotypes in dogs and cats reminds us of potentially zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1459 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1459/860

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 466 472 EN Nunuk Dyah Retno LASTUTI Dept. of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Poedji HASTUTIEK Dept. of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Lucia Tri SUWANTI Dept. of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Dony CHRISMANTO Dept. of Animal Health, Faculty of Vocational, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2016 09 20 2018 09 24 Background: Scabies or mange is an infectious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This skin disease affects various livestock such as goats, sheep, swine, cattle, other animals like dogs, cats, wild animals and also affect human. This research aimed to explore the protein in mites S. scabiei which has antigenic character and play roles in scabies pathogenesis in goats and rabbits. Methods: S.scabiei mites were isolated from goats and rabbits, and characterized using SDS-PAGE. In addition the protein was also analysed using Western Blot assay. The isolation and identification were carried out in 2015 at the Parasitology Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Results: The identification results using SDS-PAGE of mites S. scabiei var. caprae expressed 12 protein bands between 26,7 kDa and 205,8 kDa, continued by Western Blot showed 3 protein bands, after being reacted with blood serum from scabies infected goat, it could be identified antigenic protein with molecule weight 205.8 kDa, 57.3 kDa, and 43 kDa. While protein in mites S. scabiei var. cuniculi identified 9 protein bands between 24 kDa and 75 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and the Western Blot assay identified antigenic protein with molecule weight 62 kDa and 51 kDa. Conclusion: The antigenic protein of S. scabiei var. caprae and S. scabiei var. cuniculi showed that they are probably involved in the scabies pathogenesis in goats and rabbits. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1189 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1189/861

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 3 2018 09 24 493 499 EN Sedigheh NABIAN Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran Fatemeh ARABKHAZAEL Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran Parvaneh SEIFOURI Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran Alireza FARAHANI Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran 2016 04 25 2018 09 24 Background: Coccidiosis causes morphologic alteration in intestinal mucosa resulting in reduction of absorptive surface. Anticoccidials used as feed additives may induce changes in the intestinal mucosa. This study was designed to assess intestinal morphometry in broilers infected with Eimeria under different anticoccidial treatments. Methods: To evaluate the effect of salinomycin and amprolium+ethopabate on intestinal morphometry in broilers experimental coccidiosis, in Tehran, Iran in May 2015, fifty-four Ross 308 birds were randomly divided into two challenged and unchallenged groups at the age of 12 days. The birds were challenged with Eimeria field isolate at day 14. Different growth and parasitological parameters including weight gain, feed consumption, FCR, macroscopic lesion score and oocyst score were recorded 7 d post-inoculation. Histological sections from four main parts of intestine (anterior, middle, lower intestines and cecum) were prepared and analyzed. Villus width and length and total mucosal thickness were measured microscopically. Results: Amprolium+ethopabate and salinomycin significantly reduced coccidiosis gross lesions in infected birds. Microscopically anticoccidial administration in the presence of infection has significantly increased the villus length while the presence of amprolium+ethopabate in the absence of infection has greatly increased the mucosal thickness and villi height in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Anticoccidials may induce some histological changes in the mucosa when there is no parasite to be affected. Some of these effects may be advantageous for the intestinal epithelium integrity and hence the birds’ performance. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/910 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/910/865