Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 10 1 2015 03 15 1 8 EN Saeedeh Farajzadeh Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Iraj Esfandiarpour Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ali Akbar Haghdoost Regional Knowledge Hub and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV/AIDS Surveillance, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Saman Mohammadi Department of Dermatology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Azadeh Mohebbi Department of Dermatology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Elham Mohebbi Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mahshid Mostafavi Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2015 10 14   Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that may lead to a variety of manifestations. In Iran, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has a high prevalence. There are many treatment modalities for CL. The use of oral terbinafine in the treatment of CL has recently been considered. The aim of this study was to compare combination of oral terbinafine plus cryotherapy versus systemic me-glumine antimoniate plus cryotherapy in CL. Methods:Patients with proven direct smear for CL were divided randomly in 2 groups of 40 cases. For the first group systemic glucantime prescribed (IM, 15 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. For the second group oral terbinafine as two folds of usual dose in the treatment of fungal diseases prescribed [125 mg/day for body weight (BW) <20 kg, 250 mg/day for BW 20-40 kg, 500 mg/day for BW>40 kg] for 4 weeks. Both groups received cryotherapy every 2 weeks for 4 weeks. The patients were followed monthly for 3 months after the treatment. Results:Partial (HR= 0.55, CI 95%= 0.3-1.1) and complete (HR= 0.53, CI 95%= 0.3-0.98) clinical improvement in terbinafine group was much slower than glucantime group, although at the end of treatment protocols no signifi-cant difference between groups were statistically observed (P=0.27). Conclusion:Considering more convenient suitable route of administration and approximately comparable results, it seems that terbinafine can be used as an alternative treatment, especially in the case of allergy or resistance to systemic glucantime. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/358 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/358/417

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 10 1 2015 03 15 9 18 EN Shabnam Tadayon Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Hassan Sharifiyazdi Dept. of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Mohammad Moazeni Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Mohammad Reza Divar Dept. of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. 2015 10 14   Background: Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica are the causative agents of fasciolosis in domestic animals and humans. Based on the morphometric criteria, differential diagnosis between them is problematic. In addition, intermediate forms of Fasciola have been found in Iran, which makes the differentiation more difficult. The aim of the present study was to provide molecular evidence for the existence of F. gigantica in Iran using sequencing analysis of ND1 and PCR-RFLP analysis of ITS2 regions and to study the intraspecies variations of F. gigantica based on mitochondrial ND1 gene polymorphism. Methods:Forty Fasciola spp. samples collected from four distinct provinces (Fars, Khuzestan, Gilan, Khorasan Razavi) in Iran were collected for morphological and molecular characterization. In molecular method, PCR-RFLP analysis of ITS2 us-ing pagI restriction enzyme was used as a screening approach for F. gigantica differ-entiation. Then mitochondrial DNA sequence variations in the ND1 gene were used for phylogenetic analysis. Results:Based on the morphometric criteria and RFLP analysis, 14 parasitic sam-ples were initially identified to be F. gigantica. Phylogenetic results showed that there are at least 10 different genotypes of F. gigantica in Iran, which are different from those existing in the GenBank. Twenty-six points out of 410 base pairs of se-quenced ND1 gene in 10 varieties of F. gigantica were diagnosed to be polymorphic. From 26 points of polymorphism, only eight resulted in the post-translational ami-no acid changes in ND1 gene product structure. Conclusion:Data revealed noticeable genetic diversity (up to 4.63%) between different varieties of F. gigantica in Iran. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/357 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/357/418

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 10 1 2015 03 15 19 29 EN Mehdi Zarean Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Sharif Maraghi Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Research, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Homa Hajjaran Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Mohebali Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Feiz-Hadad Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mohammad Ali Assarehzadegan Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2015 10 14   Background: In this study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) method was applied to determine and compare the protein spots expressed in the two field isolates of Leishmania major and recovered from the patients who were clinically sensitive and resistant to Glucantime® treatment. Methods:Leishmania parasites were isolated from the cutaneous lesions of two CL infected patients in Shiraz, south of Iran. The species of the two isolates were identified as L. major using Nested-PCR. Sensitivity (Sh-214S) and resistance (Sh-120R) of the two isolates to meglumine antimonite were checked by the standard in vitro assays. Both sensitive and resistant L. major isolates were harvested in RPMI 1640 medium. Protein extractions were performed using TCA/Acetone method and the protein spots were determined by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The gels were stained with silver nitrate and analyzed by Image Master 2D Melanie-6 software. Results:About 2967 protein spots were detected. Overall, 89 protein spots repre-sented considerable changes of expression in the resistant isolate of L. major compared to the sensitive isolate. Of these, 60 and 29 protein spots were up-and down regulated, respectively. In addition, 11 protein spots present in the resistant isolate were noticed to be absent in the sensitive isolate. Conclusion:A number of proteins showed significant changes of expression in the drug-resistant L. major; moreover, the roles of these proteins probably enhanced the parasite resistance to the drug and increased parasite survival in the cells. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/356 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/356/419

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 10 1 2015 03 15 30 8 EN Somayeh Kordafshari Dept. of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Hossein Hosseini Dept. of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Jalousian Dept. of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Masoumeh Rajabibazl Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Malcolm Jones Dept. of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Sciences, Queensland University, Queensland, Australia. Fazeleh Etebar Dept. of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14   Background: Cystic echinococcosis is an important zoonosis caused by the Echinococcus granulosus with a substantial impact in human and animal health in en-demic areas. The purpose of the present study was serodiagnosis optimizing of dog echinococcosis in order to achieve a rapid diagnostic method. Methods:Eight dogs were challenged with protoscoleces in order to have posi-tive echinococcosis serum and 2 two-month old puppies were used as uninfected controls. Colloidal gold was prepared by controlled reduction of a boiling solu-tion of chloroauric acid (H [AuCl4]) with sodium citrate and labeled with recom-binant EPC1. Dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) was developed by coat-ing rEPC1 labeled colloidal gold on nitrocellulose membrane. The canine sera, taken three times including, 15, 28 and 35 days post infection were tested. A total of 30 serum samples including 24 sera from 8 infected dogs and 6 sera from 2 puppies were comparatively detected with both DIGFA and ELISA. Results:Gold labeled antigen, showed a dark purple dot with agglutination parti-cles in positive sera and light purple dot without agglutination in negative sera. Among 30 serum samples, 23 were positive and 7 were negative with DIGFA and 24 were positive, 6 were negative with ELISA. Conclusion:DIGFA as a rapid and simple procedure could be utilized in quickly diagnosis of echinococcosis. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/355 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/355/420

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 10 1 2015 03 15 39 45 EN Habibollah Turki Infectious & Tropical diseases, Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran AND Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Ahmad Raeisi National Programme Manager for Malaria Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Kianoosh Malekzadeh Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Amin Ghanbarnejad Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran. Samaneh Zoghi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Yeryan Infectious & Tropical diseases, Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Masoumeh Abedi Nejad Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Fatemeh Mohseni Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Mohammad Shekari Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 2015 10 14   Background: The aim of this study was to detect low parasite and asymptomatic malaria infections by means of three malaria diagnostic tests, in a low transmission region of Minab district, Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. Methods:Blood samples of 200 healthy volunteers from Bagh-e-Malek area were evaluated using microscopic, rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and nested-PCR to in-spect malaria parasite. Results:The results showed no Plasmodium parasite in subjects by means of mi-croscopy and RDT. However, 3 P. vivax positive samples (1.5%) were discovered by Nested-PCR while microscopy and RDT missed the cases. Conclusion:Microscopy as the gold standard method and RDT correctly identi-fied 98.5% of cases, and molecular analysis is sensitive and reliable, especially in the detection of "asymptomatic" infections for active case surveillance. Regarding the existence of asymptomatic malaria in endemic area of Hormozgan, Iran, nest-ed-PCR could be considered as a sensitive tool to interrupt malaria transmission in the country, beside the microscopic and RDT methods. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/354 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/354/421

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 10 1 2015 03 15 46 55 EN Mohammad Yakhchali Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Reza Malekzadeh-Viayeh Lake Urmia Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Abbas Imani-Baran Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Karim Mardani Dept. of Food Hygiene and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 2015 10 14   Background: The trematodes of the genus Fasciola (the liver flukes) are among the well-known instances of food-borne parasites worldwide. Differentiation of Fasciola species is important because of their different transmission and epidemio-logical characteristics. The current study was undertaken to discriminate Fasciola species in the domestic ruminants of Urmia city, Iran. Methods:Adult flukes were isolated from the naturally infected livers of the slaughtered water buffaloes and sheep. The flukes were initially identified based on morphological and morphometric parameters. A 618-bp-long fragment of the 28SrRNA gene of Fasciola was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified fragment was digested by DraII or AvaII enzymes for a restriction frag-ment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequenced for the phylogenetic tree construction. Results:Based on the morphometric examination, the flukes belonged to F. he-patica, F. gigantica and an intermediate Fasciola form. The PCR-RFLP analysis was able to differentiate F. hepatica from F. gigantica. While the phylogenetic reconstruc-tion justified, to some extent, the morphological diar> 05 23 Diagnostic Dilemma in Unusual Parasitic Infections and Their Presentations https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1603 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1603/929

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 10 41 51 EN Mohamad GHANIMATDAN Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Abdolali CHALECHALE Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Farid REZAEI Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Mohamad Bagher ROKNI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Reza SHAHROKHI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 06 16 2018 09 17 Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis and to perform a climatological analysis of different regions of Iran based on the current situation of the parasite and its intermediate host using Geographical Information System (GIS). Methods: Meteorological data were obtained from Iran Meteorological Organization. Risk map of fascioliasis transmission was prepared based on this data and using forecasting indices. Further, the number of fascioliasis cases from 31 provinces reported to the Iran Veterinary Organization were collected and prevalence maps of livestock fascioliasis were drawn. Results: The main risk hotspots were found in Northern provinces like Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan as well as some Southern provinces such as Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Fars, which have ideal conditions for completion of the parasite life cycle. Moreover, Gilan Province with 10.83% had the highest rate of fascioliasis infection in slaughtered animal. Conclusion: Iran is one of the most important foci of fascioliasis globally. Several provinces of Iran have appropriate conditions for evolution of parasite life cycle and presence of its intermediate host. These regions require special attention and serious determination in order to control fascioliasis in human and animals. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2188 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2188/909

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 11 174 179 EN J. Raúl LUCAS Veterinary Institute of Tropical and High Altitude Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Junin, Peru Manuel BARRIOS-ARPI Physiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru José RODRÍGUEZ Veterinary Institute of Tropical and High Altitude Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Junin, Peru Stephanie BALCÁZAR-NAKAMATSU Veterinary Institute of Tropical and High Altitude Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Junin, Peru Jacquelyne ZARRIA Specialized Equipment Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru Gislene NAMIYAMA Electronic Microscopy Nucleus, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil Noelia TANIWAKI Electronic Microscopy Nucleus, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil Omar GONZALES-VIERA Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA 2017 01 27 2019 03 11 Background: Recently, it was proposed the name of Sarcocystis masoni n. sp. for the Sarcocystis that causes microcyst in skeletal muscle of South American camelids. However, there are no ultrastructural reports of microcysts of Sarcocystis in cardiac muscle of alpacas. This study reports ultrastructural features of microcysts of Sarcocystis sp. from cardiac muscle of naturally infected alpacas. Methods: Thirty alpacas (age range: three to five years) from the province of Junin, Peruvian Central Andes, were included in this study in January 2015. Cardiac muscle samples were evaluated by histology and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Bradyzoites in cysts had typical characteristics of Apicomplexa including organelles, a large nucleus, micronemes, dense bodies, and polysaccharide granules. Moreover, cysts had a thin wall with numerous, short, finger-like shapes with rounded tip protrusions (0.51 x 0.17 µm). Conclusion: Sarcocystis sp. from the heart and S. masoni n. sp. from the skeletal muscle have similar ultrastructural characteristics. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1444 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1444/927

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 11 186 187 Hassan BORJI Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2018 09 07 No Abstract###   https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2292 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2292/930

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 10 52 58 EN Fariba BERENJI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Seyed Aliakbar SHAMSIAN Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Marziyeh NOURI DALOEE Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplant Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Seyed Hossein FATTAHI MASOOM Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplant Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Elham MOGHADDAS Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2017 10 08 2019 03 10 Background: Human hydatidosis is endemic in northeastern Iran. The present study aimed to investigate molecular diversity of Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from human surgically. Methods: Sixty human hydatid cysts (58 lung cysts and 2 liver cysts) were collected through surgery from Ghaem and Emam Reza hospitals in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during 2015-2016. Cysts were characterized using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene and sequencing fragments of the genes coding for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1). Results: Overall, 55 out of 60 Echinococcus granulosus cysts (91.6%) were determined as the G1 strain, 4 cases (6.6%) were determined as the G6 strain and 1 sample was not identified. Conclusion: Although sheep strain (G1) is dominated in human patients in Great Khorasan, the prevention of camel-dog cycle should pay attention in this region. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1813 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1813/912

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 12 188 189 Kourosh ARZAMANI Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Mitra SALEHI Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Iraj MOBEDI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir ADINEZADE Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Hamid HASANPOUR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad ALAVINIA Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Jamshid DARVISH Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran AND Rodentology Research Department, Applied Animal Institute, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Reza SHIRZADI Department of Zoonoses Control, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran Zeinolabedin MOHAMMADI Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2019 03 12 No Abstract### https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2501 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2501/931

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 10 59 67 EN Liliana GONZÁLEZ-LINARES Department of Medicine, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, México Víctor Esteban REYES-CRUZ Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, School of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, México María Aurora VELOZ-RODRÍGUEZ Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, School of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, México Gustavo URBANO-REYES Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, School of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, México José Luis IMBERT-PALAFOX Department of Medicine, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, México José Angel COBOS-MURCIA Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, School of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, México AND Mexican National Council for Science and Technology, México City, México 2017 09 28 2019 03 10 Background: Understanding the significance of hemozoin (Hz) in the process through which Plasmodium is released from the heme group in the food vacuole during hemoglobin degradation, will allow the development of more effective drugs against malaria. Therefore, the development of methodologies to obtain Hz synthetically will facilitate an in vitro evaluation of new anti-malarial drugs. Methods: We present a methodology with good results to obtain Hz from fecal material of blood-sucking insects Meccus longipennis. The preparation of biological cultures of the parasite (Plasmodium) transmitter of the disease is not necessary. Results: The hemozoin molecule and its dimer were obtained using the method described and it was possible to validate a comparison with the positive and negative controls using different analytical techniques. Conclusion: The proposed method allows obtaining hemozoin and its dimer demonstrating equivalence with positive controls that demonstrate that the present procedure may be an alternative for the evaluation of antimalarial drugs. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1804 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1804/913

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 10 68 77 EN Mansure HOJATIZADE Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran Ali BADIEE Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ali KHAMESIPOUR Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Reza JAAFARI Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2017 02 27 2017 11 20 Background: Whole killed Leishmania vaccine reached phase III clinical trials but failed to display significant efficacy in human mainly due to limited Th1 inducer adjuvant. Liposomes consisting of 1, 2-dioleoyl-3trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) bearing an inherent adjuvanticity and 1, 2-dioleoyl-L-α-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) is well known to intensify the efficacy of positively charged liposomes. Methods: Soluble Leishmania major antigens (SLA) encapsulated in cationic liposomes using lipid film method in 2016). BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously (SC), three times in a 2-wk interval, with Lip (DOTAP)-SLA+, Lip (DOTAP/DOPE)-SLA+, Lip (DOTAP/DOPE/CHO)-SLA+, Lip (DOTAP/DOPE/CHO), Lip (DOPE/CHO), SLA or HEPES buffer. At week 2 after the last booster injection, immunized mice have challenged SC in the footpad with L. major parasites. To investigate the rate of protection and the type of immune response generated in mice, lesions development was assessed, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels with the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 isotype were studied to describe the type of generated immune response. Results: Mice immunized with all liposomal form of SLA showed smaller footpad swelling and lower parasite burden in the spleen and footpad compared to the group of mice received buffer. However, these formulations did not show protection against leishmaniosis because of a generated mixed Th1/Th2 response in mice characterized by high production of IFN-γ and IL4 and a high titer of IgG1 and IgG2a antibody. Conclusion: Immunization with Lip (DOTAP/DOPE/CHO)-SLA+ was not an appropriate strategy to protect mice against leishmaniosis. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1534 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1534/914

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 10 78 88 EN Ghodratollah SALEHI SANGANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Vahid JAJARMI Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali KHAMESIPOUR Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud MAHMOUDI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdolmajid FATA Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 09 22 2019 03 10 Background: Gene manipulation strategies including gene knockout and editing are becoming more sophisticated in terms of mechanism of action, efficacy and ease of use. In classical molecular methods of gene knockout, homologous arms are designed for induction of crossing over event in double strand DNA. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been emerged as a precise and powerful tool for gene targeting. In this effort, we aimed to generate a CRISPR/Cas9-based vector specific for targeting genes in Leishmania parasites. Methods: U6 and DHFR promoters and neomycin-resistance gene were amplified from genome of L. major (MHRO/IR/75/ER) and pEGFP-N1, respectively. U6 promoter was cloned in pX330 vector which is named as pX330-U6. DHFR promoter and neo resistance gene sequence fragments were fused using a combination of SOE (Splicing by overlap extension)-PCR and T/A cloning techniques. To generate pX-leish, fused fragments su-bcloned into the pX330-U6. Two sgRNAs were designed to target the gp63 gene and cloned in pX-leish. Results: The pX-leish vector was designed for simultaneous expression of cas9 and G418 resistance proteins along with a self-cleaving 2A peptide for efficient separation of the two proteins. In this study pX-leish was designed with 3 features: 1) Compatible promoters with Leishmania parasites. 2) Insertion of antibiotic selection marker 3) Designing an all-in-one vector containing all components required for CRISPR/Cas9 system. Conclusion: This modified system would be valuable in genome manipulation studies in Leishmania for vaccine research in future. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1782 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1782/915

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 10 89 94 EN Mahdi KHOSHSIMA-SHAHRAKI Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mansour DABIRZADEH Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Hakim AZIZI Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Javad KHEDRI Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Babak DJAHED Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran Ali neshat Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran 2017 05 05 2018 01 31 Background: The aim of the present survey was to assess thr seroepidemiologic and parasitological aspects of Toxocara canis infection in children under 14 yr old. Methods: Overall, 963 sera were collected from children in the Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Southeast of Iran during the period from Sep 2015 to Jun 2016. IgG antibody against T. canis in the subjects’ sera was evaluated using the commercial ELISA kit. Results: Anti-Toxocara IgG were detected in the serum of 17 (1.7%) of the participants. In the examined children, the highest presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies was 2.1% (9/418) in 6-10-yr olds, which was higher than other age groups (P<0.05). Anti-Toxocara antibodies were significantly higher in males (2.4% or 12/492) than in females (1.1% or 5/471) (P<0.03). Highest serological prevalence of T. canis occurred in tribes (5.5% or 4/69), followed by rural areas (0.9% or 7/757), while in the urban area it was 0.1% (6/163) (P<0.01). A significant association was seen between the serological prevalence of T. canis and laboratory findings such as eosinophilia (P=0.001) and red blood cell count (P=0.02). Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Toxocara infection is high among children living in the poor regions of southeast Iran. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1596 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1596/916

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 10 95 105 EN Omidreza AMRABADI Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Ahmad ORYAN Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad MOAZENI Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Hassan SHARIFIYAZDI Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Maryam AKBARI Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2015 12 11 2016 07 25 Background: Introduction of Taenia multiceps and T. gaigeri as two separate species have been recognized mainly on morphological grounds. This experimental study was conducted to test whether cerebral and non-cerebral forms of Coenurus cerebralis belong to one origin or they are originated from two different tape worms. Methods:  Two groups of dogs were infected with the cerebral and muscular sources of the coenuri cysts. About two months later the eggs were collected from the fecal samples to be used to experimentally infect other healthy goats. Histopathological and molecular evaluation was conducted in two groups of goats that were challenged with T. multiceps eggs obtained from the infected dogs by brain and muscular sources of coenuri cysts in School of Veterinary Medicine of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2015. All aberrant sites of predilection of the metacestode in goats were muscles, heart, diaphragm and lungs. The brain and spinal cord were carefully dissected and examined but the cysts were not found in these locations. In addition, the molecular genetic markers of mitochondrial DNA (CO1 and ND1) were applied to resolve the questionable relationship between T. multiceps and T. gaigeri. Results: The larval stages of T. multiceps in brain and in other aberrant sites, which showed similar morphological criteria, were monophyletic species. Conclusion: Therefore, T. gaigeri must be considered taxonomically invalid. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/636 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/636/917

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 10 106 110 EN XinLei WANG College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China AND Jinci College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China Ling DONG College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China Li ZHANG College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China Yan LV College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China HaiLong LI College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China 2017 09 15 2018 02 19 Background: Wild rodents are the intermediate hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. The distribution of genetic diversity of T. gondii in wild rodents is of importance to understand the transmission of this parasite. This study aimed to genetically characterize T. gondii isolates from wild rodents in Sichuan province, southwestern China in 2013. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 g wild rodents’ brain samples. Semi-nested PCR and multilocous PCR-RFLP technology were performed to examine genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates as described previously. Results: Overall, 181 brain tissues of different wild rodents, including Eothenomys miletus (n=88), Crocidura attenuate (n=9), Rattus rattus sladeni (n=46), Mus musculus Linnaeus (n=6) and R. niviventer (n=32) were tested for T. gondii DNA, respectively. Six of them were positive for the T. gondii B1 gene by semi-nested PCR amplification, 4 showed complete genotyping results for all 11 polymorphic loci (SAG1, SAG2, alt. SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, C22-8, C29-2 and Apico) by PCR-RFLP, determined to represent a potential new genotype (http://toxodb.org/toxo/). Conclusion: These results documented genetic characterization of T. gondii in wild rodents from Sichuan province, and enriched the genetic diversity of T. gondii in China. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1755 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1755/918

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 11 111 119 EN Farideh TOHIDI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Bahram KAZEMI Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojgan BANDEHPOUR Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iraj SHARIFI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Reza RABIEI Department of Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Ebrahim SAEDI DEZAKI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran Zahra BABAEI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2017 12 05 2018 03 13 Background: This study was aimed to silencing the Nucleoside transporter 3 (NT3) permease nucleobases involved in the salvage pathway of Leishmania in order to disrupt purine nucleotide uptake in the parasite and consequently, destruction of the parasite. Methods: Overall, 502 bp fragment of the NT3 gene sequence was designed to produce an antisense transcript upon entry of the vector into the parasite. The NT3 construct was transfected into L. major promastigotes and NT3 gene expression was studied in vivo and in vitro conditions. Results: Relative expression NT3 gene in transgenic Leishmania was decreased in tenth day. The percentages and the number of amastigotes infected macrophages with transgenic L. major were less than infected macrophages with wild-type strain. Our results in two groups of BALB/c female mice (wild-type strain and mutant, n=4 each group) were showed that size and number of ulcers in BALB/c mice infected with transgenic Leishmania promastigotes were less than the BALB/c mice infected with wild-type parasites. Conclusion: The results indicate the use of antisense RNA reduces of NT3 gene expression in L. major. More studies are required to obtain a new approach for treating Leishmania infection. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1904 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1904/919

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 1 2019 03 11 120 126 EN Salma TEIMOORI Center of Excellence for Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok 10700, Thailand AND WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Gholamreza MOWLAVI