Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 7 2 2012 06 15 1 7 EN S Sarvi Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran A Dalimi Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran F Ghafarifar Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Echinococcosis or hydatidosis is a chronic, zoonotic worldwide infection that occurs by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. Iran is known as endemic region for this infection in the world. Vaccination has been considered as a good prevention method for this disease. Recombinant vaccines containing EG95 protein, against E. granulosus, has shown a high degree of protection against E. granulosus infection. In this study EG95 gene was extracted from Iranian isolates of E. granulosus and then cloned and expressed in expression vector. Methods: Protoscoleces were collected from sheep hydatid cysts. Then DNA and RNA were extracted from protoscoleces, and amplified by PCR and RT-PCR with specific primer. Afterward the purified RT-PCR products were successfully ligated into pTZ57R/T plasmid vector. The pcDNA3 plasmid was used as expression vector and Eg95 fragment sub cloned into this plasmid. The pcEG95 plasmid was digested by restriction enzymes to confirm cloning of this gene in pcDNA3 plasmid. In last step, the subcloned gene was expressed in CHO as eukaryotic cell. Results: EG95 fragment successfully was subcloned in pcDNA3 and EG95 protein was expressed by eukaryotic cell. The recombinant EG95 protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Conclusion: Recombinant plasmid of pcEG95 was constructed successfully and express of recombinant EG95 protein was confirmed. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/229 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/229/228

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 7 2 2012 06 15 8 14 EN A Heidari Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran H Keshavarz Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S Shojaee Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A Raeisi Dept. of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S Dittrich Molecular Biology Laboratory Lao Oxford MahosotWelcome Trust Research Unit, Vientaine, LaoPDR 2015 10 03 Background: Plasmodium vivax is the predominant species causes of malaria with about 90% total annual reported malaria in Iran. This study conducted to determine the susceptibility of Plasmodium vivax isolates to chloroquine in Sistan and Balochistan Province, southeastern Iran. Methods: A total 270 subjects with symptomatic malaria and confirmed P. vivax infection completed the designed 28-day in vivo study. The thick and thin film blood smears were screened for malaria parasites by microscopy. The nested PCR was applied using the Plasmodium 18 subunit ribosomal ribonu­cleic (Ssr RNA) genes for detecting mixed infections and diagnosis of parasites in the samples with low parasite on days 0, 5, 6, 7, and 28. Results: P. vivax was cleared in 15%, 50%, 95%, and 100% of patients on days 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively by microscopy assessment. Six patients were exhibited specific P. vivax band in nested PCR on day 5. No recurrence was observed on days 7, 14 and 28. Mean (±standard deviation) parasite clearance time was 2.41 (±0.8) days. Conclusion: P. vivax is still susceptible to chloroquine in Southeatern Iran. This finding is compati­ble with results of neighboring countries Pakistan and Afghanistan. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/230 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/230/229

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 7 2 2012 06 15 15 20 EN B Sarkari Center for Basic Researches in Infectious Diseases, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran N Ghobakhloo Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AA Moshfea Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran O Eilami Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Fasciolosis is an important health and veterinary problem in Iran. The epidemiological pattern of disease has been changed markedly in recent years and there are regions that have potent capacity to be new focus of the disease.  One of these areas is Yasuj district in southwest of Iran where animal fasciolosis has been quite common. The current study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of human fasciolosis in this area and to reveal the epidemiological factors associated with the spreading of the disease in this region. Methods: One thousand blood samples were randomly collected from five villages in Yasuj district. ELISA, using Fasciola somatic antigen (SA), was carried out to detect anti Fasciola antibodies in the collected sera. Results: Anti-Fasciola antibodies were detected in serum of 18(1.86%) individuals by ELISA. Out of 18 seropositive people, 9 (0.9) were female and 9 (0.9%) were male.  Most of people (99.8%) had a history of consuming wild freshwater plants mainly Nasturtium microphyllum (local name Bakaloo) and/or Mentha logifolia (local name Pooneh). No significant correlation was found between seropositiv­ity to fasciolosis and sex, age, history of consumption of green leafy aquatic plants whe­reas correlation between seropositivity and abdominal pain was significant (P< 0.05).   Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the seroprevalence rate of human fasciolosis in Yasuj district is relatively high and this area can be considered as a new emerging focus of the disease in Iran.   https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/231 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/231/230

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 7 2 2012 06 15 21 28 EN H Nahrevanian Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran M Jalalian Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Lahijan, Gilan, Iran M Farahmand Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran M Assmar Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Lahijan, Gilan, Iran AR Esmaeili Rastaghi Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran M Sayyah Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate antileishmanial effects of ASA via NO pathway in Leishmania major infected Balb/c mice. Moreover, toxicity and pathological consequences of ASA administration were investigated. Methods: Balb/c mice were infected with L. major and ASA was inoculated orally after lesion appearance for its ability to modulate NO and to modify Leishmania infection in host, in order to evaluate the effects of NO production on size and lesion macroscopy, delay of lesion formation and proliferation of amasti­gotes inside macrophages. Liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were also studied as target organs to detect amastigotes. In addition, plasma was investigated for NO induction using Griess microassay. Results: ASA increased NO production in plasma of both naïve and Leishmania test groups at the ultimate of the experimental period. A decline was observed in proliferation of amastigotes inside macrophages of test group when compared with control one. ASA reduced lesion size, inhibited Leishma­nia visceralisation in spleen, lymph node, and decreased hepato/splenomegaly in ASA treated animals. Conclusions: Some antileishmanial effects of ASA by NO-modulation were indicated during systemic leishmaniasis in mice. Despite slight effects on lesion size, ASA decreased parasite visceralization in target organs and declined their proliferation inside macrophages. Therefore, ASA may be indicated to inhibit systemic leishmaniasis via NO pathway in mice model. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/232 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/232/231

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 7 2 2012 06 15 29 39 EN N Sadr-Shirazi Department of Parasitology, Iranian Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran P Shayan Department of Parasitology, Iranian Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran B Eckert Department of Parasitology, Iranian Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran E Ebrahimzadeh Department of Parasitology, Iranian Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran N Amininia Department of Parasitology, Iranian Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Because of the strong immunologic responses of surface protein TaSp in Theileria annu­lata infected host, we tried to characterize this protein in a T. annulata isolate from Iran. Methods: The RNA prepared from T. annulata infected cells was used to produce SMART-DS-cDNA. The Double strand cDNA was then amplified with primers derived from TaSp mRNA se­quences. The PCR product was cloned in pTZ57R/T vector, sequenced and registered under acces­sion no. JQ003240 in GenBank. Results: The sequence analysis showed 90%-94% nucleotide sequence identity and 68%-94% amino acid homology to the corresponding sequences of TaSp gene by T. annulata, T. sp. china I, T. sp. china and T. lestoquardi and three T. annulata reported from Iran respectively. Interestingly, the sequence analysis also showed small nucleotide sequence region near the 5` end in which the presented TaSp protein differed very strongly from the other known TaSp sequences. For the preparation of the recombi­nant protein, the cDNA was cloned in pQE-32 vector, the recombinant protein was pre­pared and assayed by Theileria infected bovine serum. Conclusion: The polymorphism in TaSp gene could be detected in intra- as well as inter species. The different characterized TaSp proteins had a common identic region, which may be helpful for develop­ment of broad band vaccine based on the recombinant proteins. The polymorphism in this gene, make this protein also interesting for the diagnostic purposes. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/233 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/233/232

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 7 2 2012 06 15 40 46 EN R Ghasemikhah Vali-e-asr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran AND Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M Sharbatkhori Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran AND Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran I Mobedi Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran EB Kia Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M Fasihi Harandi Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran H Mirhendi Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Infectivity of herbivores with Trichostrongylus nematodes is widespread in many countries, having a major economic impact on breeding, survivability, and productivity of domestic livestock. This study was carried out on Trichostrongylus species isolated from domestic livestock in order to develop an easy-to-perform method for species identification. Methods: Trichostrongylus isolates were collected from sheep, goat, cattle, and buffaloes in Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran. Primary species identification was carried out based on morphological characterization of male worms. PCR amplification of ITS2-rDNA region was performed on genomic DNA and the products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence data was conducted employing Bayesian Inference approach. Consequently, a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile was designed to differentiate Trichostrongylus species. Results: A consensus sequence of 238 nucleotides was deposited in the GenBank for Iranian iso­lates of Trichostrongylus species including T. colubriformis, T. capricola, T. probolurus and T. vitrinus. The designated RFLP using restriction enzyme TasI could readily differentiate among species having differ­ent ITS2 sequence. The molecular analysis was in concordance with morphological findings. Conclusion: Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship among the sequences obtained in this study and reference sequence of relevant species. ITS2-RFLP with TasI is recommended for molecu­lar differentiation of common Trichostrongylus species. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/234 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/234/233

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 7 2 2012 06 15 47 52 EN R Solgi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M Niyyati https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/188 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/188/187

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 6 3 2011 09 15 60 65 EN S Tolouei Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran SJ Hasheminia Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran M Narimani Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran A Khamesipour Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MA Shatalebi School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran SH Hejazi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Based on the efficacy of paromomycin ointment and recent ongoing clinical trials of combination of paromomycin and gentamicin, a new physical form of films of the paromomy­cin and gentamicin was prepared and anti-Leishmania activities of the prepared films were as­sessed in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Paromomycin 15% and gentamicin 0.5% was incorporated in a film using ethyl cellu­lose and HPMC (Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose). In order to assess the drug release and anti-Leishmania activities of the preparation, a clone L. major parasite was established using a set of modified NNN medium without overlay liquid layer. Therapeutic effects of the films were evalu­ated using Balb/c mice model. The mice were inoculated with 2×106 L. major promastigotes (MRHO/IR/75/ER) and then when the lesions developed the mice were randomly divided in 3 groups, 10 mice per group, and treated with either perpetrated films or placebo for 28 days or left untreated. Results: Growth inhibition of cloned promastigotes showed that the films have enough releasing capacity and in vivo system, the films containing paromomycin and gentamicin was able to re­duce the lesion size and induced complete cure in 80% of the mice but relapse was seen in 60% of the cured mice and overall 50% cure rate was seen during 20 weeks period of the study. Conclusion: It seems that the prepared films might be further used in human clinical trials. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/189 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/189/188

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 6 3 2011 09 15 66 73 EN J Pazooki Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Tehran, Iran F Tajbakhsh Goorabzarmakhi Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Tehran, Iran M Masoumian Department of Fish Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: In Anzali Lagoon, there are some endemic and exotic fishes. The present study was conducted to compare the parasitic fauna of Blicca bjeorkna, as an endemic fish and Hemicul­ter leucisculus, as an introduced fish to the lagoon. Methods: A parasitological investigation was done on 78 specimens of B. bjoerkna and 114 of H. leu­cisculus. The fishes were collected from August 2009 to April 2010 by the electro fishing from Anzali Lagoon. Results: Eleven parasites species were found in 192 fish samples. The prevalence and mean inten­sity of parasites in each host were as follows: Parasites from B. bjorkna were  Trichodina perforata (53.85%); Myxobolus musayevi (27.19%, 1±0.79); Dactylogyrus difformis (88.05%, 8±7.24) and D. sphyrna (5.18%, 0.95±0.51), Diplostomum spataceum (98.72%, 9.51±9.01), Post­hodiplostomum cuticula (15.38%, 4.25±2.5), Ripidocotyle sp. (1.28%, 2±0.74); Contracaecum osculatum (17.95%, 1.64±0.79), Philometra rischta (12.8%, 1.4±0.54), and Raphidascaris acus (1.04%, 0.03±0.26). The H. leucisculus were infected with T. perforata (27.19%), D. spataceum (7.89%, 1.33±0.54), Ps. tomentosa (7.02%, 1.62±0.49) and R. acus (0.88%, 3±0.28). B. bjoerkna was presented as a new host for M. musayevi and C. osculatum, while H. leucisculus was intro­duced as a new host for T. perforata and Ps. tomentosa. Conclusion: The prevalence of parasites was significantly more in native fish than that of exotic fish (P<0.05). This reduction in parasitic infection in H. leucisculus may be due to its immune system resistance, well adaptation to the new environment, host-specific limitation for endemic parasites and disability of introduced parasite to complete its life cycle in the new host as well. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/190 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/190/189

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 6 3 2011 09 15 74 81 EN MJ Gharavi Department of Medical Parasitology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Institute for Islamic & Complementary Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M Nobakht Department of Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran AND Research institute for Islamic & Complementary Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran SH Khademvatan Department of Parasitology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran E Bandani Fculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M Bakhshayesh Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M Roozbehani Fculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: The study was aimed to show the effect of molecular mechanism of Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) on expression of IFNγ and iNOS genes in Leishmania major. Methods: Leishmania major promastigotes (MRHO/IR/75/ER) were added to the in-vitro cultured J774 cell line, the cells were incubated for 72 hours. Various concentrations of garlic extract (9.25, 18.5, 37, 74, 148 mg/ml) were added to the infected cells. MTT assay was applied for cellular proliferation. After 72 hours of incubation, supernatants were collected and total RNA was extracted from the infected cells. The express of IFNγ and iNOS genes were studied by RT-PCR method. Results: The colorimetric MTT assay after 3 days of incubation showed cytotoxic effect of garlic extract with an IC50 of 37 mg/ml. In addition, IFNγ and iNOS genes expression by RT-PCR indicated that garlic extract lead to over expression of these genes in J774  cell line infected with L. major. Conclusion: Garlic extract exerts cytotoxic effect on infected J774 cell line. In addition, the hypothesis that garlic can improve cellular immunity with raising the expression of IFNγ and of iNOS genes con­firmed. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/191 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/191/190

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 6 3 2011 09 15 82 88 EN R Ghasemikhah Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran H Mirhendi Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND National Institute of Health Research, Tehran, Iran EB Kia Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gh Mowlavi Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran H Sarmadian Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran B Meshgi Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran B Golestan Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran I Mobedi Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Backgrounds: Genus Trichostrongylus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) is one of the most impor­tant zoonotic nematodes with wide geographic distribution in the world. The purpose of the present study was to describe morphological and morphometrical characteristics of male Trichostrongylus species, currently prevalent in domestic ruminants of Khuzestan Province, south­west Iran. Methods: Gastro-intestinal organs of 1600 sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalos, slaughtered in Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran, were examined for infectivity with Trichostrongylus spe­cies. For examination and measurements of helminthes, Azo-carmine staining was per­formed, followed by camera lucida drawings of morphological characters and measurements of morphometrical criteria with a calibrated microscope. Using valid nematodes systematic keys, almost all the parasites were identified at the level of species. Results: Overall, 114 animals were found infected with at least one species of Trichostrongy­lus. Considering morphological characteristics of male Trichostrongylus, six species were identi­fied including T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, T. probolorus, T. capricola, T. longispicu­laris and   Trichostrongylus sp. Conclusion: Although, compared to the previous decades, currently Trichostrongylus is much less prevalent in the domestic ruminants of the study area, but still different species occur in these animals.  https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/192 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/192/191

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 6 3 2011 09 15 89 95 EN S Nabian Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran K Ahmadi Veterinary Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran MH Nazem Shirazi Veterinary Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran A Gerami Sadeghian Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Nosemosis of European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is present in bee colonies world­wide. Until recently, Nosema apis had been regarded as the causative agent of the disease, that causes heavy economic losses in apicultures. Nosema ceranae is an emerging microsporidian para­site of European honeybees, A. mellifera, but its distribution is not well known. Previously, nosemosis in honeybees in Iran was attributed exclusively to N. apis. Methods: Six Nosema positive samples (determined from light microscopy of spores) of adult worker bees from one province of Iran (Savadkouh- Mazandaran, northern Iran) were tested to determine Nosema species using previously- developed PCR primers of the 16 S rRNA gene. As it is difficult to distinguish N. ceranae and N. apis morphologically, a PCR assay based on 16 S ribosomal RNA has been used to differentiate N. apis and N. ceranae. Results: Only N. ceranae was found in all samples, indicating that this species present in Iran apiar­ies. Conclusion: This is the first report of N. ceranae in colonies of A. mellifera in Iran. It seems that intensive surveys are needed to determine the distribution and prevalence of N. ceranae in differ­ent regions of Iran. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/193 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/193/192

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 6 3 2011 09 15 96 100 EN A Eslami Department of Parasitology, School of Specialized veterinary Sciences, Sciences and Researches Unit, Islamic Azad University, Fellow, Academy of Sciences, Iran H Sabokroo Veterinary Surgeon, Bandar-Abbas, Iran SH Ranjbar- Bahadori Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azad Islamic University, Garmsar Branch Garmsar, Iran 2015 10 03 Background:  The aim of this paper was to study the prevalence and intensity of Anisakids lar­vae in the long tail tuna fish captured from Iranian shores of Persian Gulf. Methods: Different organs including skin, abdominal cavity, stomach and intestinal contents, stom­ach sub serous tissues, liver, spleen, gonads and 20 grams of muscles of 100 long tail tuna fish (Thannus tonggol) caught from waters of the north parts of Persian Gulf were searched for anisakid nematodes larvae. Twenty grams of around the body cavity muscles were digested in artificial gastric juice. Different organs and digested muscles were examined with naked eyes for the presence of anisakids larvae. The collected larvae were preserved in 70% alcohol containing 5% glycerin, and cleared in lactophenol for identification. Results: Our findings revealed that 89% of fish harbored 3rd stage larvae of Anisakis sp. of which 2% were infected with both Anisakis and Raphidascaris. All inspected organs except that of skin were found to be infected, while stomach sub serous tissues were the most infected organ (80%) followed by abdominal cavity (10%), liver (4%), testicle (3%), stomach contents and  spleen (2%) and intestinal contents (1%). Intestine and abdominal cavity were the organs har­bored Raphidascaris sp. Digested muscles were free of parasite.  Mean intensity was low for both spe­cies and ranged between 1.5 for Raphidascaris sp. and   3.67 for Anisaki sp. Conclusion: Anisakids larvae especially Anisakis are very prevalent in some fish including tunas of Persian Gulf, and consumption of infected fish if it is not properly cooked may lead to human anisakiasis. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/194 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/194/193

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 6 3 2011 09 15 101 106 EN Z Valadkhani Dept. of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran F Kazemi Dept. of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran N Hassan Dept. of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Z Aghighi Dept. of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran I Esmaili Tehran Prison HQ, Research Council of Tehran, Iran M Talebi Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is protozoan parasite responsible for trichomoniasis and is more common in high-risk behavior group such as prostitute individuals. Interest in trichomoni­asis is due to increase one's susceptibility to viruses such as herpes, human papillomavirus and HIV. The aim of this study was to find genotypic differences between the isolates. Methods: Forty isolates from prisoners' women in Tehran province were used in this study. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to determine genetic differ­ences among isolates and was correlated with patient's records. By each primer the banding pat­tern size of each isolates was scored (bp), genetic differences were studied, and the genealogical tree was constructed by using NTSYS software program and UPGMA method. Results: The least number of bands were seen by using primer OPD8 and the most by using OPD3. Results showed no significant difference in isolates from different geographical areas in Iran. By using primer OPD1 specific amplified fragment with length 1300 base pair were found in only 8 isolates. All these isolates were belonged to addicted women; however, six belonged to asymptomatic patients and two to symptomatic ones. Conclusion: There was not much genetic diversity in T vaginalis isolates from three different geo­graphical areas. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/195 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/195/194

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 6 3 2011 09 15 107 112 EN S Teimoori Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran MJ Gharaguzlu Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran Iran MS Makki Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Shahbazi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran I Mobedi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran AA Saboor Yaraghi Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran Gh Hasanpour Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran MB Rokni Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gh Mowlavi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Due to scarcity of human reports, we took advantage of the heaviest infection of M. moniliformis in rats, to describe histopathological and microanatomical valuable useful keys while confronting human occurrences. Methods:  Samples were obtained from captured rats in Tehran, capital of Ira, during two dec­ades.  Tissue sections were performed through hematoxylin and eosin staining to describe histopa­thological changes in rat's intestines. Results:  Totally, nine rats were found infected with M. moniliformis amongst 272 obtained rats. Heavy infection has been distinguished in 2 individuals with parasite burden of 141and 73 adult worms. Cross sections of worms within the lumen show mucosal thickness, infiltration of eosino­philic leukocyte and increase in goblet cells.   Conclusion:  Beyond the uncommonness of human infection with M. moniliformis unintended infections should not be ignored. Abundance of rats and roaches as definite and intermediate hosts must be considered particularly in countries with poor hygiene. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/196 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/196/195