Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 11 1 2016 03 14 1 9 Tadesse HAILU Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 2016 03 14 2016 03 14 Background: Leishmaniasis is an obligate intercellular protozoon that affects animals and human. It has zoonosis and/or anthroponosis transmission. Human and veterinary medicine, environmental science and wildlife conservation special­ists have many commonalities in case of visceral leishmaniasis. Still the above disciplines respond against leishmaniasis in a separate way.   The aim of this re­view is to indicate inter- and intra- sectoral collaboration for planning future con­trol strategies. Methods: literatures written on visceral leishmaniasis and one health approach were systematically reviewed from the year 1969 to 2014 from Pub Med, Scopus, Medline and Google scholar sources. Result: Such a one health approach would enhance biomedical progress; im­prove medical and veterinary serves, entomological control and wildlife conser­vation for Visceral Leishmaniasis especially in endemic areas. Conclusion: Inter- and intra – sectoral collaboration in the leishmaniasis con­trol is limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, incorporating one health approach or inte­grated inter- and intra – sectoral collaboration for visceral leishmaniasis control is an effective control strategy in endemic areas. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/803 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/803/658