Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 8 2 2013 06 15 249 255 EN Adnan I Al-Hindi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, the Islamic University of Gaza, P.O.Box 108, Gaza, Palestine Basma M Abu Shammala Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, the Islamic University of Gaza, P.O.Box 108, Gaza, Palestine 2015 10 14   Background: The aim of this study was to detect Dientamoeba fragilis by iron haematoxylin stain, as well as its prevalence, and association between D. fragilis infection and diarrhoea among patients at-tending Al-Nuseirate Refugee Camp Clinic, Gaza Strip. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 319 children and adults with age ranges from (1 to 75) years old, attending Al-Nussirat Clinic, and who were complaining from clinical symp-toms, like diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Results: 28 individuals were infected with D. fragilis with a prevalence of 8.8%. The detection of 28 cases infected with D. fragilis was proved using iron haematoxylin stain, but no case was detected by direct smear or formal-ether sedimentation technique. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (96.4%) and diarrhoea (71.4%) in patients with diantamoebiasis and this was statistically signifi-cant (P= 0.03). Co-infection between D. fragilis and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was 50% and between D. fragilis and Giardia lamblia was 7.1%. Conclusion: D. fragilis was present in the patients stool samples and was detected and proved using iron haematoxylin stain. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/498 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/498/446