Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 10 1 2015 03 15 1 8 EN Saeedeh Farajzadeh Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Iraj Esfandiarpour Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ali Akbar Haghdoost Regional Knowledge Hub and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV/AIDS Surveillance, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Saman Mohammadi Department of Dermatology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Azadeh Mohebbi Department of Dermatology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Elham Mohebbi Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mahshid Mostafavi Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2015 10 14   Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that may lead to a variety of manifestations. In Iran, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has a high prevalence. There are many treatment modalities for CL. The use of oral terbinafine in the treatment of CL has recently been considered. The aim of this study was to compare combination of oral terbinafine plus cryotherapy versus systemic me-glumine antimoniate plus cryotherapy in CL. Methods:Patients with proven direct smear for CL were divided randomly in 2 groups of 40 cases. For the first group systemic glucantime prescribed (IM, 15 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. For the second group oral terbinafine as two folds of usual dose in the treatment of fungal diseases prescribed [125 mg/day for body weight (BW) <20 kg, 250 mg/day for BW 20-40 kg, 500 mg/day for BW>40 kg] for 4 weeks. Both groups received cryotherapy every 2 weeks for 4 weeks. The patients were followed monthly for 3 months after the treatment. Results:Partial (HR= 0.55, CI 95%= 0.3-1.1) and complete (HR= 0.53, CI 95%= 0.3-0.98) clinical improvement in terbinafine group was much slower than glucantime group, although at the end of treatment protocols no signifi-cant difference between groups were statistically observed (P=0.27). Conclusion:Considering more convenient suitable route of administration and approximately comparable results, it seems that terbinafine can be used as an alternative treatment, especially in the case of allergy or resistance to systemic glucantime. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/358 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/358/417