Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 10 1 2015 03 15 78 86 EN Yazdan Hamzavi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Nahid Khademi Province Health Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. 2015 10 14   Background: This study was conducted to explain the trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Kermanshah Province, western Iran from 1991- 2012. Methods:In this analytical-descriptive study, all of the patients suspected to CL in Kermanshah Province were studied. Smears were prepared from most of them, stained with Giemsa, and examined microscopically for Leishman bodies. A few of the patients were diagnosed according to physician diagnosis and response to glu-cantime. Questionnaires were completed for all of them. Collected data were ana-lyzed using SPSS-21 and Spearman and Kendall tests. Results:From 1991 to 2012, 1684 cases of CL were recorded. In the years 2011- 12 the frequency of CL in the province reached to 7.4/100,000, which showed a remarkable increase in the frequency of new cases CL in the province. In the years 2011-12 about 47% of total cases of CL in the province, was seen in Ghasr-e-Shirin district,which the frequency of CL in this district reached to 264.5/100,000. Fre-quency of CL in males and females was 57% and 43% respectively. The most cases of CL were seen in housewives (32.1%) and age groups of 20 to 29 years old (19.9%). In addition, the most cases of disease were seen in winter (41.8%) and fall (28.9%). Conclusion:CL is increasing remarkably in warm climates of the province, and Ghasr-e-Shirin must be of particular interest, as the most infected district in the province. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/349 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/349/426