Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 13 1 2018 03 14 114 119 Davood ANVARI Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Dariush SAADATI Dept. of Nutrition and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Reza NABAVI Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Majid ALIPOUR ESKANDANI Dept. of Nutrition and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran 2018 03 14 2018 03 14 Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite which causes the toxoplasmosis in humans and warm-blooded animals. Red meat is an important source for transmission of the infection to humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma among imported and indigenous cattle in the Sistan region. Methods: One hundred samples from slaughtered cattle were collected from two abattoirs of Zabol and Zahedan, South East of Iran in 2015. Each sample was a mixture of three muscle, including tongue, cardiac, and triceps. Additional data of each cattle, including sex, breed, age, indigenous or imported, location of slaughter, management practices, and feeding system were obtained through observations and interviews. Infection by T. gondii was determined by PCR method. Results: The prevalence of Toxoplasma in indigenous cattle was 6% and in imported cattle was 26%, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.006). Moreover, the prevalence of Toxoplasma was statistically associated with management practices (P=0.01) and feeding system (P=0.001). However, relationship between the prevalence of Toxoplasma with age, breed, sex, and location of slaughter was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Since the prevalence of Toxoplasma among imported cattle is higher than indigenous cattle, so strict supervision for importing livestock from neighboring countries is necessary. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/2052 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/2052/814