Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 14 2 2019 06 18 190 196 EN Fahimeh FIROUZJAIE-KARDER Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnaz AKHOUNDI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farid AZMOUDEH ARDALAN Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas RAHIMI-FOROUSHANI Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh MESGARIAN Gonbade Kavous Health Center Laboratory, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gonbade Kavous, Iran Homa HAJJARAN Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein MORTAZAVI Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yadollah SHAKIBA Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Sorour CHAREHDAR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira ELIKAEE Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra KAKOOEI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra SHAFEGHAT Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 18 2019 06 18 Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is described as a major health problem in many countries of the world. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are characterized as one of immunologic indexes. One of the best methods to determine of Tregs percentage is flow cytometry. The aim of this study was determination of the role of Tregs profile among acute and chronic forms of human CL using flow cytometry analysis. Methods: This study was conducted on 24 patients referred to Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran with acute and 14 patients with chronic phases of CL as well as 15 healthy individuals as control group in 2015-2016. After microscopic examination, 2 ml of peripheral blood samples were collected for determining percentage of CD4+ CD25+ CD127 low Tregs by using flow cytometry method. Results: Using flow cytometry analysis, the average percentage of Tregs were calculated 5.73, 6.71 and 6.61 for acute, chronic and healthy individuals, respectively. With SPSS software and Scheffe multiple comparison tests, the differences within in these groups are statistically significant (P=0.04) and between the acute and chronic group, there was marginally significant with approximately 91% of confidence level (P=0.088). Conclusion: Marginally differences were found significantly among averages of Regulatory T cells, acute and chronic phases of CL. Further comprehensive studies can be needed to verify the role of Tregs in both phases of CL cases.   https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1501 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1501/932