Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 11 4 2016 12 25 471 479 Arshad VEYSI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan VATANDOOST Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza YAGHOOBI-ERSHADI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza JAFARI Isfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Hossein ARANDIAN Isfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mostafa HOSSEINI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza FADAEI Isfahan Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Javad RAMAZANPOUR Isfahan Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Kamal HEIDARI Isfahan Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ali SADJADI Isfahan Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Reza SHIRZADI Department of Zoonosis, CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Amir Ahmad AKHAVAN Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 12 25 2016 12 25 Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a neglected disease with public health importance that is common in many rural areas of Iran. In recent years, behavioral resistance and/or bait shyness against the common rodenticide among reservoir hosts of ZCL have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Klerat® and zinc phosphide against natural reservoir of ZCL. Methods: This survey was carried out in four villages located 45 to 95 km far from Esfahan City Esfahan province, central Iran from April to November 2011. The rodent burrows were counted destroyed and reopened holes baited around all villages. Effect of rodent control operation on the main vector density and incidence of ZCL were evaluated. Results: The reduction rate of rodent burrows after intervention calculated to be at 62.8% in Klerat® and 58.15% in zinc phosphide treated areas. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the densities of the vector in indoors and outdoors in intervention and control areas. The incidence of the disease between treated and control areas after intervention was statistically different (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Klerat® could be a suitable alternative for zinc phosphide in a specific condition such as behavior resistance or occurrence of bait shyness. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/1346 https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/download/1346/624